ORA-01244/ORA-01110解决

rman 恢复过程中出现以下错误

RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at 20-AUG-11
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archive log filename=/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_13.dbf thread=1 sequence=13
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 08/20/2011 03:54:30
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
RMAN-11003: failure during parse/execution of SQL statement: alter database recover logfile '/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_13.dbf'
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-01244: unnamed datafile(s) added to controlfile by media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 2: '/opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/xff01.dbf'

错误原因分析
在rman备份后,添加了数据文件,使用的是备份的控制文件进行恢复数据库导致(不能识别新的数据文件)

解决方法
通过sqlplus创建数据文件
SQL> alter database create datafile 2 as ‘/opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/xff01.dbf’;

Database altered.

然后继续在rman中执行恢复数据库操作

该情况说明
此中情况只有在oracle 9i中出现;在10g中,rman恢复过程会自动的创建新添加文件,见oracle 10g rman自动创建数据文件

undo异常处理步骤(9i)

1、启动数据库,发现错误
startup

2、查看是否是undo文件损坏引起,并查看是否是当前undo,不是当前undo直接offline,然后open数据库,再删除掉该数据该undo即可
select a.ts#,a.name,b.name from v$datafile a,v$tablespace b where a.ts#=b.ts#;
show parameter undo_tablespace;

3、损坏undo离线,创建pfile文件
alter database datafile n offline drop;
create pfile=’/tmp/pfile’ from spfile;

4、打开数据库,如果打开失败,请继续5,如果成功按照undo异常处理步骤(10g)方法处理
alter database open;

5、如果数据库不能正常打开,而是提示,如下错误:
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced

6、检查日志文件,发现如下:
SMON: about to recover undo segment 21
SMON: mark undo segment 21 as needs recovery
SMON: about to recover undo segment 22
SMON: mark undo segment 22 as needs recovery
SMON: about to recover undo segment 23
SMON: mark undo segment 23 as needs recovery
SMON: about to recover undo segment 24
SMON: mark undo segment 24 as needs recovery
SMON: about to recover undo segment 25
SMON: mark undo segment 25 as needs recovery
SMON: about to recover undo segment 26
SMON: mark undo segment 26 as needs recovery
SMON: about to recover undo segment 27
SMON: mark undo segment 27 as needs recovery
SMON: about to recover undo segment 28
SMON: mark undo segment 28 as needs recovery
SMON: about to recover undo segment 29
SMON: mark undo segment 29 as needs recovery
SMON: about to recover undo segment 30
SMON: mark undo segment 30 as needs recovery

7、编辑pfile文件,内容为
*.undo_management=’MANUAL’
*._allow_resetlogs_corruption=true
*._corrupted_rollback_segments=(_SYSSMU21$,_SYSSMU22$,_SYSSMU23$,_SYSSMU24$,
_SYSSMU25$,_SYSSMU26$,_SYSSMU27$,_SYSSMU28$,_SYSSMU29$,_SYSSMU30$)
*.undo_tablespace=’SYSTEM’

8、退出当前sqlplus,重新登录,利用pfile启动数据库
startup

9、创建新undo表空间
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBSNEW DATAFILE
‘/opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/UNDOTBS01.dbf
SIZE 50M autoextend on next 10m maxsize 30G;

10、查询回滚段信息,为下面删除损坏undo的回滚段做到心中有底
select segment_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;

11、删除损坏undo
drop tablespace UNDOTBSOLD including contents and datafiles;

12、查看回滚段状态
select segment_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;

13、如果有损坏表空间回滚段还存在,手工删除
drop rollback segment “_SYSSMUx$”;

14、修改pfile内容
*.undo_management=’AUTO’
#*._allow_resetlogs_corruption=true
#*._corrupted_rollback_segments=(_SYSSMU21$,_SYSSMU22$,_SYSSMU23$,_SYSSMU24$,
_SYSSMU25$,_SYSSMU26$,_SYSSMU27$,_SYSSMU28$,_SYSSMU29$,_SYSSMU30$)
*.undo_tablespace=’UNDOTBSNEW’

15、重启数据库
shutdown immediate
startup

说明:可以先删除需要恢复的回滚段,再删除损坏的undo表空间

诡异dblink问题解决

一、诡异dblink起源
今天开发拿过来一条sql,说有诡异现象,sql如下

INSERT INTO TAB_CS_CALLLOG
select c.user_logon,/*工号*/c.user_name,/*姓名*/a.call_id,/*通话id*/
      a.caller_nbr,/*主叫号码*/a.called_nbr,/*被叫号码*/d.start_time,/*呼入时间*/
      b.call_time,/*接听时间*/b.end_time,/*结束时间*/b.call_dura,/*时长*/
      to_number(b.call_time-d.start_time)*24*3600,/*等待时长*/
      decode(c.user_logon,null,0,1),/*类型*/
case
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '00'
          then '广东移动'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '01'
          then '浙江移动'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '02'
          then '福建'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '03'
          then '四川'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '04'
          then '河南'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '05'
          then '湖北'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '06'
          then '北京CSIP'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '07'
          then '陕西'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '08'
          then '吉林'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '09'
          then '江西'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '10'
          then '宁夏'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '11'
          then '太原'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '12'
          then '江苏移动'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '13'
          then 'e掌管'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '15'
          then 'e多商'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '18'
          then '江苏联通'
      end 区域
from cscnew.a@cs a,cscnew.b@cs b,cscnew.c@cs c,cscnew.d@cs d
where a.call_serial=b.call_serial(+)
and b.call_serial=d.call_serial(+)
and b.user_id=c.user_id(+)
and substr(a.CALLED_NBR,1, 6) = '951654'
and  length (a.CALLED_NBR) = 15
and b.fail_reason is null
and a.end_time>=to_date('20110822000000','yyyymmddhh24miss')
and a.end_time<to_date('20110823000000','yyyymmddhh24miss');

然后我进行了测试,证实了她所说的诡异:
1、直接执行select语句需要1.7S左右,但是加上insert inot后,执行时间需要6分钟
2、直接select结果集为602条,加上insert into后,结果集为598条(少4条),如果直接执行select,除掉and b.fail_reason is null限制条件也刚好602条

二、查询相关资料,得到dblink的一些解释
1、dblink执行有两种方式,一种是在远处数据库执行完,然后结果返回,另一种是把远程的表下载到本来,然后执行
2、如果把远程的表下载到本地,空值或者null可能会发生变化(怀疑是空值转化为null,未证实)

三、根据这些解释,进行猜想
1、只执行select的时候,应该是在远程执行完,传输结果回来;而执行insert into的时候,是把远程的表全部下载到本地,然后执行出结果,而数据量本身比较大,所以比较慢
2、在把表从远程下载到本地的过程中,fail_reason 列的null值可以发生了变化,或者空值变为了null,所以数据多了4条

四、事实证明猜想
1、查询远程表大小,发现a表50m,b表400m,c表10m,d表100m左右,传输过来需要一定的时间
2、既然猜测是由于要把表传输到本地而导致这样的结果产生,那么处理方法就是让程序在远程计算出结果,然后传输到本地,查询了一些资料,上面说insert into会导致driving_site提示无效,那么我想到一个用视图的办法解决这个问题:在目标端建立一个关于本查询中无参数的视图,然后在本地通过dblink调用视图,这样总该先在远程执行出结果传输到本地了吧。
2.1)建立目标端视图

create or replace view v_tab
select c.user_logon,/*工号*/c.user_name,/*姓名*/a.call_id,/*通话id*/
      a.caller_nbr,/*主叫号码*/a.called_nbr,/*被叫号码*/d.start_time,/*呼入时间*/
      b.call_time,/*接听时间*/b.end_time,/*结束时间*/b.call_dura,/*时长*/
      to_number(b.call_time-d.start_time)*24*3600,/*等待时长*/
      decode(c.user_logon,null,0,1),/*类型*/
case
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '00'
          then '广东移动'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '01'
          then '浙江移动'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '02'
          then '福建'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '03'
          then '四川'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '04'
          then '河南'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '05'
          then '湖北'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '06'
          then '北京CSIP'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '07'
          then '陕西'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '08'
          then '吉林'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '09'
          then '江西'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '10'
          then '宁夏'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '11'
          then '太原'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '12'
          then '江苏移动'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '13'
          then 'e掌管'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '15'
          then 'e多商'
        when substr (a.CALLED_NBR,7, 2) = '18'
          then '江苏联通'
      end 区域
from cscnew.a a,cscnew.b b,cscnew.c c,cscnew.d d
where a.call_serial=b.call_serial(+)
and b.call_serial=d.call_serial(+)
and b.user_id=c.user_id(+)
and substr(a.CALLED_NBR,1, 6) = '951654'
and  length (a.CALLED_NBR) = 15
and b.fail_reason is null

2.2)本地调用远程视图

INSERT INTO TAB_CS_CALLLOG
select * from v_tab@cs a where 
a.end_time>=to_date('20110822000000','yyyymmddhh24miss')
and a.end_time<to_date('20110823000000','yyyymmddhh24miss');

2.3)执行结果2.3S完成数据插入,而且条数也是598条,证明我的猜想是正确的,更重要的是解决了今天这个让人疑惑的问题

undo异常处理步骤(10g)

1、启动数据库,发现错误
startup

2、查看是否是undo文件损坏引起
select a.ts#,a.name,b.name from v$datafile a,v$tablespace b where a.ts#=b.ts#;

3、损坏undo离线
alter database datafile n offline drop;

4、打开数据库
alter database open;

5、查看当前undo表空间,并确认是否是当前undo损坏,如果不是当前undo,直接执行8,否则继续
show parameter undo_tablespace;

6、创建新undo表空间
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBSNEW DATAFILE
‘/opt/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/UNDOTBS01.dbf
SIZE 50M autoextend on next 10m maxsize 30G;

7、修改默认undo为新创建表空间
alter system set undo_tablespace=’UNDOTBSNEW’;

8、查询回滚段信息,为下面删除损坏undo的回滚段做到心中有底
select segment_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;

9、删除损坏undo,如果报ORA-01548错误,继续下面操作,否则跳到14
drop tablespace UNDOTBSOLD including contents and datafiles;

10、创建pfile文件
create pfile=’/tmp/pfile’ from spfile;

11、修改pfile文件,添加隐含参数
*._allow_resetlogs_corruption=true
*._corrupted_rollback_segments=(_SYSSMU1$,_SYSSMU2$,_SYSSMU3$,_SYSSMU4$,_SYSSMU5$,
_SYSSMU6$,_SYSSMU7$,_SYSSMU8$,_SYSSMU9$,_SYSSMU10$)

12、使用pfile启动数据库
startup pfile=’/tmp/pfile’

13、删除损坏undo
drop tablespace UNDOTBSOLD including contents and datafiles;

14、查看回滚段状态
select segment_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;

15、如果有损坏表空间回滚段还存在,手工删除
drop rollback segment “_SYSSMUx$”;

16、重启数据库
shutdown immediate
startup

Linux修改系统时间

我们一般使用’date -s’命令来修改系统时间。比如将系统时间设定成2011年8月24日的命令如下。
  #date -s 08/24/2011
将系统时间设定成下午23点0分20秒的命令如下。
  #date -s 23:00:20  
注意,这里说的是系统时间,是linux由操作系统维护的。  
在系统启动时,Linux操作系统将时间从CMOS中读到系统时间变量中,以后修改时间通过修改系统时间实现。为了保持系统时间与CMOS时间的一致性,Linux每隔一段时间会将系统时间写入CMOS。由于该同步是每隔一段时间(大约是11分钟)进行的,在我们执行date -s后,如果马上重起机器,修改时间就有可能没有被写入CMOS,这就是问题的原因。如果要确保修改生效可以执行如下命令。  
  #clock -w  
这个命令强制把系统时间写入CMOS。