%c 备份片的拷贝数
%d 数据库名称
%D 位于该月中的第几天 (DD)
%M 位于该年中的第几月 (MM)
%F 一个基于DBID唯一的名称,这个格式的形式为c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ,其中IIIIIIIIII为该数据库的DBID，YYYYMMDD为日期，QQ是一个1-256的序列
%n 数据库名称，向右填补到最大八个字符
%u 一个八个字符的名称代表备份集与创建时间
%p 该备份集中的备份片号，从1开始到创建的文件数
%U 一个唯一的文件名，代表%u_%p_%c
%s 备份集的号
%t 备份集时间戳
%T 年月日格式(YYYYMMDD)
Author Archives: 惜分飞
mysql-cluster 7.x安装（windows）
mysql 集群配置（windows2台机器模拟）
1、环境规划
win7 192.168.1.1（管理节点，存储节点，sql节点）
win03 192.168.1.2（存储节点，sql节点）
2、安装cluster（zip包）
win7机器安装在D:\mysql-cluster中
win03机器安装在C:\mysql-cluster中
存储节点存储路径分别为：D:\mysql-cluster\ndbdata和C:\mysql-cluster\ndbdata
3、win7机器配置
创建D:\mysql-cluster\config.txt文件，内容为：
[NDBD DEFAULT]
NoOfReplicas=2
[NDB_MGMD]
ID=1
hostname=192.168.1.1
datadir=D:\mysql-cluster\data
[NDBD]
ID=21
hostname=192.168.1.1
datadir=D:\mysql-cluster\ndbdata
[NDBD]
ID=22
hostname=192.168.1.2
datadir=C:\mysql-cluster\ndbdata
[MYSQLD]
ID=11
hostname=192.168.1.1
[MYSQLD]
ID=12
hostname=192.168.1.2
复制D:\mysql-cluster\my-small.ini到c:\windows\my.ini并添加
[mysqld]
ndbcluster
ndb-connectstring=192.168.1.1
[mysql_cluster]
ndb-connectstring=192.168.1.1
4、win03机器配置
复制C:\mysql-cluster\my-small.ini到c:\windows\my.ini并添加
[mysqld]
ndbcluster
ndb-connectstring=192.168.1.1
[mysql_cluster]
ndb-connectstring=192.168.1.1
5、启动
5.1）启动管理节点(win7 上)
D:\mysql-cluster\bin>ndb_mgmd.exe –config-file=D:\mysql-cluster\config.txt –co
nfigdir=D:\mysql-cluster
5.2）启动存储节点（无先后顺序，第一个启动使用–initial)
win7
D:\mysql-cluster\bin>ndbd.exe –initial
win03
C:\mysql-cluster\bin>ndbd.exe
5.3）启动sql节点（无先后顺序）
win03
C:\mysql-cluster\bin>mysqld.exe –defaults-file=c:\windows\my.ini
win7
d:\mysql-cluster\bin>mysqld.exe –defaults-file=c:\windows\my.ini
6、查看是否启动成功
6.1）查看状态
D:\mysql-cluster\bin>ndb_mgm.exe
— NDB Cluster — Management Client —
ndb_mgm> show
Connected to Management Server at: 192.168.1.1:1186
Cluster Configuration
———————
[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)
id=21 @192.168.1.1 (mysql-5.1.56 ndb-7.1.15, Nodegroup: 0, Master)
id=22 @192.168.1.2 (mysql-5.1.56 ndb-7.1.15, Nodegroup: 0)
[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1 @192.168.1.1 (mysql-5.1.56 ndb-7.1.15)
[mysqld(API)] 2 node(s)
id=11 @192.168.1.1 (mysql-5.1.56 ndb-7.1.15)
id=12 @192.168.1.2 (mysql-5.1.56 ndb-7.1.15)
6.2数据操作测试
在win7上创建表，并插入数据
C:\Users\XIFENFEI>mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.1.56-ndb-7.1.15-cluster-gpl MySQL Cluster Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> create table city(
-> id mediumint unsigned not null auto_incremen
-> name varchar(20) not null default ”
-> ) engine = ndbcluster default charset utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (9.60 sec)
mysql> insert into city values(1, ‘city1’);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.41 sec)
mysql> insert into city values(2, ‘city2’);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from city;
+—-+——-+
| id | name |
+—-+——-+
| 1 | city1 |
| 2 | city2 |
+—-+——-+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
win03机器查看数据
C:\mysql-cluster\bin>mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.1.56-ndb-7.1.15-cluster-gpl MySQL Cluster Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,
and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL v2 license
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+—————-+
| Tables_in_test |
+—————-+
| city |
+—————-+
1 row in set (0.11 sec)
mysql> select * from city;
+—-+——-+
| id | name |
+—-+——-+
| 1 | city1 |
| 2 | city2 |
+—-+——-+
2 rows in set (0.05 sec)
mysql 5.5 源码安装
1.安装cmake
1）下载cmake
#wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.3.tar.gz
2）解压cmake
#tar -zvxf cmake-2.8.3.tar.gz
3）配置编译
#cd cmake-2.8.3
#yum -y install gcc
#yum -y install gcc-c++
#./configure
#make
#make install
2.安装MYSQL
1）下载MYSQL
mkdir /opt/mysql_src
#cd /opt/mysql_src
#wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.14.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.mirror.rafal.ca/
2）解压mysql-5.5.14.tar.gz
#tar -zvxf mysql-5.5.14.tar.gz
创建目录（mysql5.5默认已经没有data目录了）
mkdir -p /opt/mysql_src/product
mkdir -p /opt/mysql_src/data
3)配置编译
#cd mysql-5.5.14
#cmake . ##这个方法，安装路径默认
或
#cmake . \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/opt/mysql_src/product \
-DCOMMUNITY_BUILD:BOOL=ON \
-DENABLED_PROFILING:BOOL=ON \
-DENABLE_DEBUG_SYNC:BOOL=OFF \
-DINSTALL_LAYOUT:STRING=STANDALONE \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR:PATH=/opt/mysql_src/data \
-DMYSQL_MAINTAINER_MODE:BOOL=OFF \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER:BOOL=ON \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=all \
-DWITH_SSL:STRING=bundled \
-DWITH_UNIT_TESTS:BOOL=OFF \
-DWITH_ZLIB:STRING=bundled \
-LH
如果出现一下错误：
cmake .
— MySQL 5.5.14
— Could NOT find Curses (missing: CURSES_LIBRARY CURSES_INCLUDE_PATH)
CMake Error at cmake/readline.cmake:82 (MESSAGE):
Curses library not found. Please install appropriate package,
remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is libncurses5-dev, on Redhat and derivates it is ncurses-devel.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
cmake/readline.cmake:126 (FIND_CURSES)
cmake/readline.cmake:216 (MYSQL_USE_BUNDLED_LIBEDIT)
CMakeLists.txt:256 (MYSQL_CHECK_READLINE)
— Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
需要安装ncurses-devel包
# yum -y install ncurses-devel
#make
#make install
#groupadd mysql
#useradd -r -g mysql mysql
#cd /opt/mysql_sc
#chown -R mysql:mysql .
#scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql
添加标准/etc/my.cnf文件（见mysql二进制安装程序，修改相关路径）
#./bin/mysqld_safe –user=mysql &
mysqldump+mysqlbinlog恢复测试
一、模拟环境
mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> show binary logs;
+—————–+———–+
| Log_name | File_size |
+—————–+———–+
| mysqlbin.000001 | 107 |
+—————–+———–+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table t(id int,name varchar(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> insert into t values(1,’aaaa’);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into t values(2,’bbbb’);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
二、使用mysqldump备份数据
mysqldump -u root -ppassw0rd –skip-opt –extended-insert=false –master-data=2 –single-transaction –allow-keywords –add-locks –add-drop-table -F -q test >/tmp/test.sql
三、继续操作
mysql> insert into t values(3,’cccc’);
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect…
Connection id: 208
Current database: test
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into t values(4,’dddd’);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table t;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> create table t1 as
-> select * from information_schema.tables;
Query OK, 79 rows affected (0.27 sec)
Records: 79 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
四、报告误删除表，开始恢复准备
mysql> show binary logs;
+—————–+———–+
| Log_name | File_size |
+—————–+———–+
| mysqlbin.000001 | 605 |
| mysqlbin.000002 | 14686 |
+—————–+———–+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
tee /tmp/output.txt
Logging to file ‘/tmp/output.txt’
mysql> show binlog events in ‘mysqlbin.000002′;
……………………省略
mysql> notee
Outfile disabled.
mysql> exit
Bye
查找删除表的位置（起点和终点）
[root@ECP-UC-DB1 tmp]# cat output.txt |grep “DROP TABLE”
| mysqlbin.000002 | 461 | Query | 1 | 564 | use `test`; DROP TABLE `t` /* generated by server */
[root@ECP-UC-DB1 mysqllog]# cat /tmp/test.sql |grep MASTER
— CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE=’mysqlbin.000002’, MASTER_LOG_POS=107;
生成恢复sql语句
mysqlbinlog –start-position=107 –stop-position=461 mysqlbin.000002>/tmp/drop.sql
mysqlbinlog –start-position=564 mysqlbin.000002>>/tmp/drop.sql
五、开始恢复
找一个测试库，拷贝/tmp/drop.sql和/tmp/test.sql到备库，然后进行恢复
mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> source /tmp/test.sql
mysql> source /tmp/drop.sql
六、测试恢复结果
mysql> show tables;
+—————-+
| Tables_in_test |
+—————-+
| t |
| t1 |
+—————-+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t;
+——+——+
| id | name |
+——+——+
| 1 | aaaa |
| 2 | bbbb |
| 3 | cccc |
| 4 | dddd |
+——+——+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select count(*) from t1;
+———-+
| count(*) |
+———-+
| 79 |
+———-+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
mysqlbinlog参数介绍
Dumps a MySQL binary log in a format usable for viewing or for piping to
the mysql command line client.
Usage: mysqlbinlog [options] log-files
-?, –help Display this help and exit.
–base64-output[=name]
Determine when the output statements should be
base64-encoded BINLOG statements: ‘never’ disables it and
works only for binlogs without row-based events;
‘decode-rows’ decodes row events into commented SQL
statements if the –verbose option is also given; ‘auto’
prints base64 only when necessary (i.e., for row-based
events and format description events); ‘always’ prints
base64 whenever possible. ‘always’ is deprecated, will be
removed in a future version, and should not be used in a
production system. –base64-output with no ‘name’
argument is equivalent to –base64-output=always and is
also deprecated. If no –base64-output[=name] option is
given at all, the default is ‘auto’.
–character-sets-dir=name
Directory for character set files.
-d, –database=name List entries for just this database (local log only).
–debug-check Check memory and open file usage at exit .
–debug-info Print some debug info at exit.
–default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use.
-D, –disable-log-bin
Disable binary log. This is useful, if you enabled
–to-last-log and are sending the output to the same
MySQL server. This way you could avoid an endless loop.
You would also like to use it when restoring after a
crash to avoid duplication of the statements you already
have. NOTE: you will need a SUPER privilege to use this
option.
-F, –force-if-open Force if binlog was not closed properly.
(Defaults to on; use –skip-force-if-open to disable.)
-f, –force-read Force reading unknown binlog events.
-H, –hexdump Augment output with hexadecimal and ASCII event dump.
-h, –host=name Get the binlog from server.
-l, –local-load=name
Prepare local temporary files for LOAD DATA INFILE in the
specified directory.
-o, –offset=# Skip the first N entries.
-p, –password[=name]
Password to connect to remote server.
–plugin-dir=name Directory for client-side plugins.
-P, –port=# Port number to use for connection or 0 for default to, in
order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT,
/etc/services, built-in default (3306).
–protocol=name The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe,
memory).
-R, –read-from-remote-server
Read binary logs from a MySQL server.
-r, –result-file=name
Direct output to a given file.
–server-id=# Extract only binlog entries created by the server having
the given id.
–set-charset=name Add ‘SET NAMES character_set’ to the output.
-s, –short-form Just show regular queries: no extra info and no row-based
events. This is for testing only, and should not be used
in production systems. If you want to suppress
base64-output, consider using –base64-output=never
instead.
-S, –socket=name The socket file to use for connection.
–start-datetime=name
Start reading the binlog at first event having a datetime
equal or posterior to the argument; the argument must be
a date and time in the local time zone, in any format
accepted by the MySQL server for DATETIME and TIMESTAMP
types, for example: 2004-12-25 11:25:56 (you should
probably use quotes for your shell to set it properly).
-j, –start-position=#
Start reading the binlog at position N. Applies to the
first binlog passed on the command line.
–stop-datetime=name
Stop reading the binlog at first event having a datetime
equal or posterior to the argument; the argument must be
a date and time in the local time zone, in any format
accepted by the MySQL server for DATETIME and TIMESTAMP
types, for example: 2004-12-25 11:25:56 (you should
probably use quotes for your shell to set it properly).
–stop-position=# Stop reading the binlog at position N. Applies to the
last binlog passed on the command line.
-t, –to-last-log Requires -R. Will not stop at the end of the requested
binlog but rather continue printing until the end of the
last binlog of the MySQL server. If you send the output
to the same MySQL server, that may lead to an endless
loop.
-u, –user=name Connect to the remote server as username.
-v, –verbose Reconstruct SQL statements out of row events. -v -v adds
comments on column data types.
-V, –version Print version and exit.
–open-files-limit=#
Used to reserve file descriptors for use by this program.
Variables (–variable-name=value)
and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE} Value (after reading options)
——————————— —————————————-
base64-output (No default value)
character-sets-dir (No default value)
database (No default value)
debug-check FALSE
debug-info FALSE
default-auth (No default value)
disable-log-bin FALSE
force-if-open TRUE
force-read FALSE
hexdump FALSE
host (No default value)
local-load (No default value)
offset 0
plugin-dir (No default value)
port 3306
read-from-remote-server FALSE
server-id 0
set-charset (No default value)
short-form FALSE
socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
start-datetime (No default value)
start-position 4
stop-datetime (No default value)
stop-position 18446744073709551615
to-last-log FALSE
user (No default value)
open-files-limit 64
