Category Archives: MySQL

mysql 5.5 源码安装

Posted on by

1.安装cmake
1）下载cmake
#wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.3.tar.gz
2）解压cmake
#tar -zvxf cmake-2.8.3.tar.gz
3）配置编译
#cd cmake-2.8.3
#yum -y install gcc
#yum -y install gcc-c++
#./configure
#make
#make install

2.安装MYSQL
1）下载MYSQL
mkdir /opt/mysql_src
#cd /opt/mysql_src
#wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.14.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.mirror.rafal.ca/
2）解压mysql-5.5.14.tar.gz
#tar -zvxf mysql-5.5.14.tar.gz

创建目录（mysql5.5默认已经没有data目录了）
mkdir -p /opt/mysql_src/product
mkdir -p /opt/mysql_src/data

3)配置编译
#cd mysql-5.5.14
#cmake . ##这个方法，安装路径默认
或
#cmake . \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/opt/mysql_src/product \
-DCOMMUNITY_BUILD:BOOL=ON \
-DENABLED_PROFILING:BOOL=ON \
-DENABLE_DEBUG_SYNC:BOOL=OFF \
-DINSTALL_LAYOUT:STRING=STANDALONE \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR:PATH=/opt/mysql_src/data \
-DMYSQL_MAINTAINER_MODE:BOOL=OFF \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER:BOOL=ON \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=all \
-DWITH_SSL:STRING=bundled \
-DWITH_UNIT_TESTS:BOOL=OFF \
-DWITH_ZLIB:STRING=bundled \
-LH

如果出现一下错误：
cmake .
— MySQL 5.5.14
— Could NOT find Curses (missing: CURSES_LIBRARY CURSES_INCLUDE_PATH)
CMake Error at cmake/readline.cmake:82 (MESSAGE):
Curses library not found. Please install appropriate package,

remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is libncurses5-dev, on Redhat and derivates it is ncurses-devel.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
cmake/readline.cmake:126 (FIND_CURSES)
cmake/readline.cmake:216 (MYSQL_USE_BUNDLED_LIBEDIT)
CMakeLists.txt:256 (MYSQL_CHECK_READLINE)

— Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!

需要安装ncurses-devel包
# yum -y install ncurses-devel

#make
#make install

#groupadd mysql
#useradd -r -g mysql mysql
#cd /opt/mysql_sc
#chown -R mysql:mysql .
#scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql
添加标准/etc/my.cnf文件（见mysql二进制安装程序，修改相关路径）
#./bin/mysqld_safe –user=mysql &

mysqldump+mysqlbinlog恢复测试

Posted on by

一、模拟环境
mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> show binary logs;
+—————–+———–+
| Log_name | File_size |
+—————–+———–+
| mysqlbin.000001 | 107 |
+—————–+———–+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table t(id int,name varchar(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> insert into t values(1,’aaaa’);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into t values(2,’bbbb’);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

二、使用mysqldump备份数据
mysqldump -u root -ppassw0rd –skip-opt –extended-insert=false –master-data=2 –single-transaction –allow-keywords –add-locks –add-drop-table -F -q test >/tmp/test.sql

三、继续操作
mysql> insert into t values(3,’cccc’);
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect…
Connection id: 208
Current database: test

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into t values(4,’dddd’);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop table t;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> create table t1 as
-> select * from information_schema.tables;
Query OK, 79 rows affected (0.27 sec)
Records: 79 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

四、报告误删除表，开始恢复准备
mysql> show binary logs;
+—————–+———–+
| Log_name | File_size |
+—————–+———–+
| mysqlbin.000001 | 605 |
| mysqlbin.000002 | 14686 |
+—————–+———–+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

tee /tmp/output.txt
Logging to file ‘/tmp/output.txt’
mysql> show binlog events in ‘mysqlbin.000002′;
……………………省略
mysql> notee
Outfile disabled.
mysql> exit
Bye

查找删除表的位置（起点和终点）
[root@ECP-UC-DB1 tmp]# cat output.txt |grep “DROP TABLE”
| mysqlbin.000002 | 461 | Query | 1 | 564 | use `test`; DROP TABLE `t` /* generated by server */
[root@ECP-UC-DB1 mysqllog]# cat /tmp/test.sql |grep MASTER
— CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE=’mysqlbin.000002’, MASTER_LOG_POS=107;

生成恢复sql语句
mysqlbinlog –start-position=107 –stop-position=461 mysqlbin.000002>/tmp/drop.sql
mysqlbinlog –start-position=564 mysqlbin.000002>>/tmp/drop.sql

五、开始恢复
找一个测试库，拷贝/tmp/drop.sql和/tmp/test.sql到备库，然后进行恢复
mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> source /tmp/test.sql
mysql> source /tmp/drop.sql

六、测试恢复结果
mysql> show tables;
+—————-+
| Tables_in_test |
+—————-+
| t |
| t1 |
+—————-+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t;
+——+——+
| id | name |
+——+——+
| 1 | aaaa |
| 2 | bbbb |
| 3 | cccc |
| 4 | dddd |
+——+——+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select count(*) from t1;
+———-+
| count(*) |
+———-+
| 79 |
+———-+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysqlbinlog参数介绍

Posted on by
Dumps a MySQL binary log in a format usable for viewing or for piping to
the mysql command line client.
Usage: mysqlbinlog [options] log-files
-?, –help          Display this help and exit.
–base64-output[=name]
Determine when the output statements should be
base64-encoded BINLOG statements: ‘never’ disables it and
works only for binlogs without row-based events;
‘decode-rows’ decodes row events into commented SQL
statements if the –verbose option is also given; ‘auto’
prints base64 only when necessary (i.e., for row-based
events and format description events); ‘always’ prints
base64 whenever possible. ‘always’ is deprecated, will be
removed in a future version, and should not be used in a
production system.  –base64-output with no ‘name’
argument is equivalent to –base64-output=always and is
also deprecated.  If no –base64-output[=name] option is
given at all, the default is ‘auto’.
–character-sets-dir=name
Directory for character set files.
-d, –database=name List entries for just this database (local log only).
–debug-check       Check memory and open file usage at exit .
–debug-info        Print some debug info at exit.
–default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use.
-D, –disable-log-bin
Disable binary log. This is useful, if you enabled
–to-last-log and are sending the output to the same
MySQL server. This way you could avoid an endless loop.
You would also like to use it when restoring after a
crash to avoid duplication of the statements you already
have. NOTE: you will need a SUPER privilege to use this
option.
-F, –force-if-open Force if binlog was not closed properly.
(Defaults to on; use –skip-force-if-open to disable.)
-f, –force-read    Force reading unknown binlog events.
-H, –hexdump       Augment output with hexadecimal and ASCII event dump.
-h, –host=name     Get the binlog from server.
-l, –local-load=name
Prepare local temporary files for LOAD DATA INFILE in the
specified directory.
-o, –offset=#      Skip the first N entries.
-p, –password[=name]
Password to connect to remote server.
–plugin-dir=name   Directory for client-side plugins.
-P, –port=#        Port number to use for connection or 0 for default to, in
order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT,
/etc/services, built-in default (3306).
–protocol=name     The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe,
memory).
-R, –read-from-remote-server
Read binary logs from a MySQL server.
-r, –result-file=name
Direct output to a given file.
–server-id=#       Extract only binlog entries created by the server having
the given id.
–set-charset=name  Add ‘SET NAMES character_set’ to the output.
-s, –short-form    Just show regular queries: no extra info and no row-based
events. This is for testing only, and should not be used
in production systems. If you want to suppress
base64-output, consider using –base64-output=never
instead.
-S, –socket=name   The socket file to use for connection.
–start-datetime=name
Start reading the binlog at first event having a datetime
equal or posterior to the argument; the argument must be
a date and time in the local time zone, in any format
accepted by the MySQL server for DATETIME and TIMESTAMP
types, for example: 2004-12-25 11:25:56 (you should
probably use quotes for your shell to set it properly).
-j, –start-position=#
Start reading the binlog at position N. Applies to the
first binlog passed on the command line.
–stop-datetime=name
Stop reading the binlog at first event having a datetime
equal or posterior to the argument; the argument must be
a date and time in the local time zone, in any format
accepted by the MySQL server for DATETIME and TIMESTAMP
types, for example: 2004-12-25 11:25:56 (you should
probably use quotes for your shell to set it properly).
–stop-position=#   Stop reading the binlog at position N. Applies to the
last binlog passed on the command line.
-t, –to-last-log   Requires -R. Will not stop at the end of the requested
binlog but rather continue printing until the end of the
last binlog of the MySQL server. If you send the output
to the same MySQL server, that may lead to an endless
loop.
-u, –user=name     Connect to the remote server as username.
-v, –verbose       Reconstruct SQL statements out of row events. -v -v adds
comments on column data types.
-V, –version       Print version and exit.
–open-files-limit=#
Used to reserve file descriptors for use by this program.
Variables (–variable-name=value)
and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE}  Value (after reading options)
——————————— —————————————-
base64-output                     (No default value)
character-sets-dir                (No default value)
database                          (No default value)
debug-check                       FALSE
debug-info                        FALSE
default-auth                      (No default value)
disable-log-bin                   FALSE
force-if-open                     TRUE
force-read                        FALSE
hexdump                           FALSE
host                              (No default value)
local-load                        (No default value)
offset                            0
plugin-dir                        (No default value)
port                              3306
read-from-remote-server           FALSE
server-id                         0
set-charset                       (No default value)
short-form                        FALSE
socket                            /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
start-datetime                    (No default value)
start-position                    4
stop-datetime                     (No default value)
stop-position                     18446744073709551615
to-last-log                       FALSE
user                              (No default value)
open-files-limit                  64

mysqldump参数介绍

Posted on by
Dumping structure and contents of MySQL databases and tables.
Usage: mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables]
OR     mysqldump [OPTIONS] –databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3…]
OR     mysqldump [OPTIONS] –all-databases [OPTIONS]
Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
The following groups are read: mysqldump client
The following options may be given as the first argument:
–print-defaults        Print the program argument list and exit.
–no-defaults           Don’t read default options from any option file.
–defaults-file=#       Only read default options from the given file #.
–defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read.
-A, –all-databases Dump all the databases. This will be same as –databases
with all databases selected.
-Y, –all-tablespaces
Dump all the tablespaces.
-y, –no-tablespaces
Do not dump any tablespace information.
–add-drop-database Add a DROP DATABASE before each create.
–add-drop-table    Add a DROP TABLE before each create.
(Defaults to on; use –skip-add-drop-table to disable.)
–add-locks         Add locks around INSERT statements.
(Defaults to on; use –skip-add-locks to disable.)
–allow-keywords    Allow creation of column names that are keywords.
–apply-slave-statements
Adds ‘STOP SLAVE’ prior to ‘CHANGE MASTER’ and ‘START
SLAVE’ to bottom of dump.
–character-sets-dir=name
Directory for character set files.
-i, –comments      Write additional information.
(Defaults to on; use –skip-comments to disable.)
–compatible=name   Change the dump to be compatible with a given mode. By
default tables are dumped in a format optimized for
MySQL. Legal modes are: ansi, mysql323, mysql40,
postgresql, oracle, mssql, db2, maxdb, no_key_options,
no_table_options, no_field_options. One can use several
modes separated by commas. Note: Requires MySQL server
version 4.1.0 or higher. This option is ignored with
earlier server versions.
–compact           Give less verbose output (useful for debugging). Disables
structure comments and header/footer constructs.  Enables
options –skip-add-drop-table –skip-add-locks
–skip-comments –skip-disable-keys –skip-set-charset.
-c, –complete-insert
Use complete insert statements.
-C, –compress      Use compression in server/client protocol.
-a, –create-options
Include all MySQL specific create options.
(Defaults to on; use –skip-create-options to disable.)
-B, –databases     Dump several databases. Note the difference in usage; in
this case no tables are given. All name arguments are
regarded as database names. ‘USE db_name;’ will be
included in the output.
-#, –debug[=#]     This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.
–debug-check       Check memory and open file usage at exit.
–debug-info        Print some debug info at exit.
–default-character-set=name
Set the default character set.
–delayed-insert    Insert rows with INSERT DELAYED.
–delete-master-logs
Delete logs on master after backup. This automatically
enables –master-data.
-K, –disable-keys  ‘/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name DISABLE KEYS */; and
‘/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name ENABLE KEYS */; will be put
in the output.
(Defaults to on; use –skip-disable-keys to disable.)
–dump-slave[=#]    This causes the binary log position and filename of the
master to be appended to the dumped data output. Setting
the value to 1, will printit as a CHANGE MASTER command
in the dumped data output; if equal to 2, that command
will be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will
turn –lock-all-tables on, unless –single-transaction is
specified too (in which case a global read lock is only
taken a short time at the beginning of the dump – don’t
forget to read about –single-transaction below). In all
cases any action on logs will happen at the exact moment
of the dump.Option automatically turns –lock-tables off.
-E, –events        Dump events.
-e, –extended-insert
Use multiple-row INSERT syntax that include several
VALUES lists.
(Defaults to on; use –skip-extended-insert to disable.)
–fields-terminated-by=name
Fields in the output file are terminated by the given
string.
–fields-enclosed-by=name
Fields in the output file are enclosed by the given
character.
–fields-optionally-enclosed-by=name
Fields in the output file are optionally enclosed by the
given character.
–fields-escaped-by=name
Fields in the output file are escaped by the given
character.
-F, –flush-logs    Flush logs file in server before starting dump. Note that
if you dump many databases at once (using the option
–databases= or –all-databases), the logs will be
flushed for each database dumped. The exception is when
using –lock-all-tables or –master-data: in this case
the logs will be flushed only once, corresponding to the
moment all tables are locked. So if you want your dump
and the log flush to happen at the same exact moment you
should use –lock-all-tables or –master-data with
–flush-logs.
–flush-privileges  Emit a FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement after dumping the mysql
database.  This option should be used any time the dump
contains the mysql database and any other database that
depends on the data in the mysql database for proper
restore.
-f, –force         Continue even if we get an SQL error.
-?, –help          Display this help message and exit.
–hex-blob          Dump binary strings (BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB) in
hexadecimal format.
-h, –host=name     Connect to host.
–ignore-table=name Do not dump the specified table. To specify more than one
table to ignore, use the directive multiple times, once
for each table.  Each table must be specified with both
database and table names, e.g.,
–ignore-table=database.table.
–include-master-host-port
Adds ‘MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>’ to ‘CHANGE
MASTER TO..’ in dump produced with –dump-slave.
–insert-ignore     Insert rows with INSERT IGNORE.
–lines-terminated-by=name
Lines in the output file are terminated by the given
string.
-x, –lock-all-tables
Locks all tables across all databases. This is achieved
by taking a global read lock for the duration of the
whole dump. Automatically turns –single-transaction and
–lock-tables off.
-l, –lock-tables   Lock all tables for read.
(Defaults to on; use –skip-lock-tables to disable.)
–log-error=name    Append warnings and errors to given file.
–master-data[=#]   This causes the binary log position and filename to be
appended to the output. If equal to 1, will print it as a
CHANGE MASTER command; if equal to 2, that command will
be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will turn
–lock-all-tables on, unless –single-transaction is
specified too (in which case a global read lock is only
taken a short time at the beginning of the dump; don’t
forget to read about –single-transaction below). In all
cases, any action on logs will happen at the exact moment
of the dump. Option automatically turns –lock-tables
off.
–max-allowed-packet=#
The maximum packet length to send to or receive from
server.
–net-buffer-length=#
The buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication.
–no-autocommit     Wrap tables with autocommit/commit statements.
-n, –no-create-db  Suppress the CREATE DATABASE … IF EXISTS statement that
normally is output for each dumped database if
–all-databases or –databases is given.
-t, –no-create-info
Don’t write table creation info.
-d, –no-data       No row information.
-N, –no-set-names  Same as –skip-set-charset.
–opt               Same as –add-drop-table, –add-locks, –create-options,
–quick, –extended-insert, –lock-tables, –set-charset,
and –disable-keys. Enabled by default, disable with
–skip-opt.
–order-by-primary  Sorts each table’s rows by primary key, or first unique
key, if such a key exists.  Useful when dumping a MyISAM
table to be loaded into an InnoDB table, but will make
the dump itself take considerably longer.
-p, –password[=name]
Password to use when connecting to server. If password is
not given it’s solicited on the tty.
-P, –port=#        Port number to use for connection.
–protocol=name     The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe,
memory).
-q, –quick         Don’t buffer query, dump directly to stdout.
(Defaults to on; use –skip-quick to disable.)
-Q, –quote-names   Quote table and column names with backticks (`).
(Defaults to on; use –skip-quote-names to disable.)
–replace           Use REPLACE INTO instead of INSERT INTO.
-r, –result-file=name
Direct output to a given file. This option should be used
in systems (e.g., DOS, Windows) that use carriage-return
linefeed pairs (\r\n) to separate text lines. This option
ensures that only a single newline is used.
-R, –routines      Dump stored routines (functions and procedures).
–set-charset       Add ‘SET NAMES default_character_set’ to the output.
(Defaults to on; use –skip-set-charset to disable.)
–single-transaction
Creates a consistent snapshot by dumping all tables in a
single transaction. Works ONLY for tables stored in
storage engines which support multiversioning (currently
only InnoDB does); the dump is NOT guaranteed to be
consistent for other storage engines. While a
–single-transaction dump is in process, to ensure a
valid dump file (correct table contents and binary log
position), no other connection should use the following
statements: ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE,
TRUNCATE TABLE, as consistent snapshot is not isolated
from them. Option automatically turns off –lock-tables.
–dump-date         Put a dump date to the end of the output.
(Defaults to on; use –skip-dump-date to disable.)
–skip-opt          Disable –opt. Disables –add-drop-table, –add-locks,
–create-options, –quick, –extended-insert,
–lock-tables, –set-charset, and –disable-keys.
-S, –socket=name   The socket file to use for connection.
–ssl               Enable SSL for connection (automatically enabled with
other flags).
–ssl-ca=name       CA file in PEM format (check OpenSSL docs, implies
–ssl).
–ssl-capath=name   CA directory (check OpenSSL docs, implies –ssl).
–ssl-cert=name     X509 cert in PEM format (implies –ssl).
–ssl-cipher=name   SSL cipher to use (implies –ssl).
–ssl-key=name      X509 key in PEM format (implies –ssl).
–ssl-verify-server-cert
Verify server’s “Common Name” in its cert against
hostname used when connecting. This option is disabled by
default.
-T, –tab=name      Create tab-separated textfile for each table to given
path. (Create .sql and .txt files.) NOTE: This only works
if mysqldump is run on the same machine as the mysqld
server.
–tables            Overrides option –databases (-B).
–triggers          Dump triggers for each dumped table.
(Defaults to on; use –skip-triggers to disable.)
–tz-utc            SET TIME_ZONE=’+00:00′ at top of dump to allow dumping of
TIMESTAMP data when a server has data in different time
zones or data is being moved between servers with
different time zones.
(Defaults to on; use –skip-tz-utc to disable.)
-u, –user=name     User for login if not current user.
-v, –verbose       Print info about the various stages.
-V, –version       Output version information and exit.
-w, –where=name    Dump only selected records. Quotes are mandatory.
-X, –xml           Dump a database as well formed XML.
–plugin-dir=name   Directory for client-side plugins.
–default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use.
Variables (–variable-name=value)
and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE}  Value (after reading options)
——————————— —————————————-
all-databases                     FALSE
all-tablespaces                   FALSE
no-tablespaces                    FALSE
add-drop-database                 FALSE
add-drop-table                    TRUE
add-locks                         TRUE
allow-keywords                    FALSE
apply-slave-statements            FALSE
character-sets-dir                (No default value)
comments                          TRUE
compatible                        (No default value)
compact                           FALSE
complete-insert                   FALSE
compress                          FALSE
create-options                    TRUE
databases                         FALSE
debug-check                       FALSE
debug-info                        FALSE
default-character-set             utf8
delayed-insert                    FALSE
delete-master-logs                FALSE
disable-keys                      TRUE
dump-slave                        0
events                            FALSE
extended-insert                   TRUE
fields-terminated-by              (No default value)
fields-enclosed-by                (No default value)
fields-optionally-enclosed-by     (No default value)
fields-escaped-by                 (No default value)
flush-logs                        FALSE
flush-privileges                  FALSE
force                             FALSE
hex-blob                          FALSE
host                              (No default value)
include-master-host-port          FALSE
insert-ignore                     FALSE
lines-terminated-by               (No default value)
lock-all-tables                   FALSE
lock-tables                       TRUE
log-error                         (No default value)
master-data                       0
max-allowed-packet                16777216
net-buffer-length                 1046528
no-autocommit                     FALSE
no-create-db                      FALSE
no-create-info                    FALSE
no-data                           FALSE
order-by-primary                  FALSE
port                              3306
quick                             TRUE
quote-names                       TRUE
replace                           FALSE
routines                          FALSE
set-charset                       TRUE
single-transaction                FALSE
dump-date                         TRUE
socket                            /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
ssl                               FALSE
ssl-ca                            (No default value)
ssl-capath                        (No default value)
ssl-cert                          (No default value)
ssl-cipher                        (No default value)
ssl-key                           (No default value)
ssl-verify-server-cert            FALSE
tab                               (No default value)
triggers                          TRUE
tz-utc                            TRUE
user                              (No default value)
verbose                           FALSE
where                             (No default value)
plugin-dir                        (No default value)
default-auth                      (No default value)

mysql 重设root密码

Posted on by

一、linux系统
1、修改my.cnf中的参数
关闭数据库
修改my.cnf参数
在[mysqld]的段中加上一句：skip-grant-tables
启动数据库，使用mysqld/mysqld_safe/mysqld.service都可以
使用mysql直接登录修改root密码

2、mysqld_safe –skip-grant-tables 启动数据库
关闭数据库
mysqld_safe –skip-grant-tables & 启动数据库
使用mysql直接登录修改root密码

二、windows系统
关闭mysql
$mysqldir/bin/mysqld –skip-grant-tables启动数据库
使用mysql直接登录修改root密码

说明：修改密码请查看MYSQL修改密码