Category Archives: Oracle备份恢复

通过ZHS16GBK和AL32UTF8字符编码分析exp/imp

Posted on by

一、试验环境和试验准备工作
1.源端

[oracle@node1 ~]$ echo $LANG
zh_CN.gb2312
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus hr/xifenfei

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Wed Dec 21 14:07:24 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> SELECT userenv('language') FROM dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

SQL> create table xifenfei (name varchar2(6));

Table created.

SQL> insert into xifenfei values('惜分飞');

1 row created.

SQL> /

1 row created.

SQL> /

1 row created.

SQL> /

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from xifenfei;

NAME
------
惜分飞
惜分飞
惜分飞
惜分飞

2.目标端

[oracle@node1 ~]$ echo $LANG
zh_CN.gb2312
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Dec 21 15:26:18 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options

SQL> SELECT userenv('language') FROM dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

二、导出测试表(xifenfei)
1.ZHS16GBK编码

[oracle@node1 ~]$ echo $NLS_LANG
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp hr/xifenfei file=/tmp/xifenfei.dmp \
log=/tmp/xifenfei.log tables=xifenfei

Export: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Wed Dec 21 14:07:11 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table                       XIFENFEI          4 rows exported
Export terminated successfully without warnings.

2.AL32UTF8编码

[oracle@node1 ~]$ export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp hr/xifenfei file=/tmp/xifenfei_new.dmp \
> log=/tmp/xifenfei_new.log tables=xifenfei

Export: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Wed Dec 21 14:38:14 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export done in AL32UTF8 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table                       XIFENFEI          4 rows exported
Export terminated successfully without warnings.

3.dmp文件比较
3.1)文件大小比较

[oracle@node1 ~]$ cd /tmp
[oracle@node1 tmp]$ ll *.dmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 16384 12-21 14:07 xifenfei.dmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 16384 12-21 14:38 xifenfei_new.dmp
虽然导出客户端设置了不步的编码，但是导出的文件大小相等

3.2)文件头部比较

--xifenfei.dmp
00000000h: 03 03 54 45 58 50 4F 52 54 3A 56 31 30 2E 30 32 ; ..TEXPORT:V10.02
00000010h: 2E 30 31 0A 44 48 52 0A 52 54 41 42 4C 45 53 0A ; .01.DHR.RTABLES.
00000020h: 38 31 39 32 0A 30 0A 33 32 0A 30 0A 03 54 03 54 ; 8192.0.32.0..T.T
00000030h: 07 D0 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 00 20 ; .?............ 
00000040h: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ;                 
00000050h: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ;                 
00000060h: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 57 65 64 20 44 65 63 ;          Wed Dec
00000070h: 20 32 31 20 31 34 3A 37 3A 31 32 20 32 30 31 31 ;  21 14:7:12 2011
00000080h: 2F 74 6D 70 2F 78 69 66 65 6E 66 65 69 2E 64 6D ; /tmp/xifenfei.dm
00000090h: 70 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ; p...............

--xifenfei_new.dmp
00000000h: 03 03 69 45 58 50 4F 52 54 3A 56 31 30 2E 30 32 ; ..iEXPORT:V10.02
00000010h: 2E 30 31 0A 44 48 52 0A 52 54 41 42 4C 45 53 0A ; .01.DHR.RTABLES.
00000020h: 38 31 39 32 0A 30 0A 33 32 0A 30 0A 03 69 03 54 ; 8192.0.32.0..i.T
00000030h: 07 D0 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 15 00 20 ; .?............ 
00000040h: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ;                 
00000050h: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ;                 
00000060h: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 57 65 64 20 44 65 63 20 ;         Wed Dec 
00000070h: 32 31 20 31 34 3A 33 38 3A 31 35 20 32 30 31 31 ; 21 14:38:15 2011
00000080h: 2F 74 6D 70 2F 78 69 66 65 6E 66 65 69 5F 6E 65 ; /tmp/xifenfei_ne
00000090h: 77 2E 64 6D 70 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ; w.dmp...........

--ZHS16GBK dmp 文件 第2,3字节为 0354
--AL32UTF8 dmp 文件 第2,3字节为 0369

3.3)比较dmp文件内容

--xifenfei.dmp
000020ceh: 2B 30 30 3A 30 30 00 00 04 00 42 59 54 45 06 00 ; +00:00....BYTE..
000020deh: 55 4E 55 53 45 44 01 00 32 0B 00 49 4E 54 45 52 ; UNUSED..2..INTER
000020eeh: 50 52 45 54 45 44 0B 00 44 49 53 41 42 4C 45 3A ; PRETED..DISABLE:
000020feh: 41 4C 4C 00 00 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 53 54 0A 54 ; ALL...METRICST.T
0000210eh: 41 42 4C 45 20 22 58 49 46 45 4E 46 45 49 22 0A ; ABLE "XIFENFEI".
0000211eh: 43 52 45 41 54 45 20 54 41 42 4C 45 20 22 58 49 ; CREATE TABLE "XI
0000212eh: 46 45 4E 46 45 49 22 20 28 22 4E 41 4D 45 22 20 ; FENFEI" ("NAME" 
0000213eh: 56 41 52 43 48 41 52 32 28 36 29 29 20 20 50 43 ; VARCHAR2(6))  PC
0000214eh: 54 46 52 45 45 20 31 30 20 50 43 54 55 53 45 44 ; TFREE 10 PCTUSED
0000215eh: 20 34 30 20 49 4E 49 54 52 41 4E 53 20 31 20 4D ;  40 INITRANS 1 M
0000216eh: 41 58 54 52 41 4E 53 20 32 35 35 20 53 54 4F 52 ; AXTRANS 255 STOR
0000217eh: 41 47 45 28 49 4E 49 54 49 41 4C 20 36 35 35 33 ; AGE(INITIAL 6553
0000218eh: 36 20 4E 45 58 54 20 31 30 34 38 35 37 36 20 46 ; 6 NEXT 1048576 F
0000219eh: 52 45 45 4C 49 53 54 53 20 31 20 46 52 45 45 4C ; REELISTS 1 FREEL
000021aeh: 49 53 54 20 47 52 4F 55 50 53 20 31 20 42 55 46 ; IST GROUPS 1 BUF
000021beh: 46 45 52 5F 50 4F 4F 4C 20 44 45 46 41 55 4C 54 ; FER_POOL DEFAULT
000021ceh: 29 20 54 41 42 4C 45 53 50 41 43 45 20 22 55 53 ; ) TABLESPACE "US
000021deh: 45 52 53 22 20 4C 4F 47 47 49 4E 47 20 4E 4F 43 ; ERS" LOGGING NOC
000021eeh: 4F 4D 50 52 45 53 53 0A 49 4E 53 45 52 54 20 49 ; OMPRESS.INSERT I
000021feh: 4E 54 4F 20 22 58 49 46 45 4E 46 45 49 22 20 28 ; NTO "XIFENFEI" (
0000220eh: 22 4E 41 4D 45 22 29 20 56 41 4C 55 45 53 20 28 ; "NAME") VALUES (
0000221eh: 3A 31 29 0A 01 00 01 00 06 00 54 03 01 00 00 00 ; :1).......T.....
0000222eh: 00 00 06 00 CF A7 B7 D6 B7 C9 00 00 06 00 CF A7 ; ....惜分飞....惜
0000223eh: B7 D6 B7 C9 00 00 06 00 CF A7 B7 D6 B7 C9 00 00 ; 分飞....惜分飞..
0000224eh: 06 00 CF A7 B7 D6 B7 C9 00 00 FF FF 0A 4D 45 54 ; ..惜分飞...MET
0000225eh: 52 49 43 53 54 72 65 66 65 72 65 6E 74 69 61 6C ; RICSTreferential
0000226eh: 20 69 6E 74 65 67 72 69 74 79 20 63 6F 6E 73 74 ;  integrity const
0000227eh: 72 61 69 6E 74 73 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 ; raints.METRICET 
0000228eh: 34 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 53 54 74 72 69 67 67 65 ; 4.METRICSTtrigge
0000229eh: 72 73 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 34 0A 4D 45 ; rs.METRICET 4.ME
000022aeh: 54 52 49 43 53 54 62 69 74 6D 61 70 2C 20 66 75 ; TRICSTbitmap, fu
000022beh: 6E 63 74 69 6F 6E 61 6C 20 61 6E 64 20 65 78 74 ; nctional and ext
000022ceh: 65 6E 73 69 62 6C 65 20 69 6E 64 65 78 65 73 0A ; ensible indexes.
000022deh: 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 34 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 ; METRICET 4.METRI
000022eeh: 43 53 54 70 6F 73 74 74 61 62 6C 65 73 20 61 63 ; CSTposttables ac
000022feh: 74 69 6F 6E 73 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 34 ; tions.METRICET 4
0000230eh: 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 53 54 50 6F 73 74 2D 69 6E ; .METRICSTPost-in
0000231eh: 73 74 20 70 72 6F 63 65 64 75 72 61 6C 20 61 63 ; st procedural ac
0000232eh: 74 69 6F 6E 73 20 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 ; tions .METRICET 
0000233eh: 34 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 47 30 0A 45 58 49 ; 4.METRICETG0.EXI
0000234eh: 54 0A 45 58 49 54 0A                            ; T.EXIT.

--xifenfei_new.dmp
000020ceh: 2B 30 30 3A 30 30 00 00 04 00 42 59 54 45 06 00 ; +00:00....BYTE..
000020deh: 55 4E 55 53 45 44 01 00 32 0B 00 49 4E 54 45 52 ; UNUSED..2..INTER
000020eeh: 50 52 45 54 45 44 0B 00 44 49 53 41 42 4C 45 3A ; PRETED..DISABLE:
000020feh: 41 4C 4C 00 00 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 53 54 0A 54 ; ALL...METRICST.T
0000210eh: 41 42 4C 45 20 22 58 49 46 45 4E 46 45 49 22 0A ; ABLE "XIFENFEI".
0000211eh: 43 52 45 41 54 45 20 54 41 42 4C 45 20 22 58 49 ; CREATE TABLE "XI
0000212eh: 46 45 4E 46 45 49 22 20 28 22 4E 41 4D 45 22 20 ; FENFEI" ("NAME" 
0000213eh: 56 41 52 43 48 41 52 32 28 36 29 29 20 20 50 43 ; VARCHAR2(6))  PC
0000214eh: 54 46 52 45 45 20 31 30 20 50 43 54 55 53 45 44 ; TFREE 10 PCTUSED
0000215eh: 20 34 30 20 49 4E 49 54 52 41 4E 53 20 31 20 4D ;  40 INITRANS 1 M
0000216eh: 41 58 54 52 41 4E 53 20 32 35 35 20 53 54 4F 52 ; AXTRANS 255 STOR
0000217eh: 41 47 45 28 49 4E 49 54 49 41 4C 20 36 35 35 33 ; AGE(INITIAL 6553
0000218eh: 36 20 4E 45 58 54 20 31 30 34 38 35 37 36 20 46 ; 6 NEXT 1048576 F
0000219eh: 52 45 45 4C 49 53 54 53 20 31 20 46 52 45 45 4C ; REELISTS 1 FREEL
000021aeh: 49 53 54 20 47 52 4F 55 50 53 20 31 20 42 55 46 ; IST GROUPS 1 BUF
000021beh: 46 45 52 5F 50 4F 4F 4C 20 44 45 46 41 55 4C 54 ; FER_POOL DEFAULT
000021ceh: 29 20 54 41 42 4C 45 53 50 41 43 45 20 22 55 53 ; ) TABLESPACE "US
000021deh: 45 52 53 22 20 4C 4F 47 47 49 4E 47 20 4E 4F 43 ; ERS" LOGGING NOC
000021eeh: 4F 4D 50 52 45 53 53 0A 49 4E 53 45 52 54 20 49 ; OMPRESS.INSERT I
000021feh: 4E 54 4F 20 22 58 49 46 45 4E 46 45 49 22 20 28 ; NTO "XIFENFEI" (
0000220eh: 22 4E 41 4D 45 22 29 20 56 41 4C 55 45 53 20 28 ; "NAME") VALUES (
0000221eh: 3A 31 29 0A 01 00 01 00 06 00 54 03 01 00 00 00 ; :1).......T.....
0000222eh: 00 00 06 00 CF A7 B7 D6 B7 C9 00 00 06 00 CF A7 ; ....惜分飞....惜
0000223eh: B7 D6 B7 C9 00 00 06 00 CF A7 B7 D6 B7 C9 00 00 ; 分飞....惜分飞..
0000224eh: 06 00 CF A7 B7 D6 B7 C9 00 00 FF FF 0A 4D 45 54 ; ..惜分飞...MET
0000225eh: 52 49 43 53 54 72 65 66 65 72 65 6E 74 69 61 6C ; RICSTreferential
0000226eh: 20 69 6E 74 65 67 72 69 74 79 20 63 6F 6E 73 74 ;  integrity const
0000227eh: 72 61 69 6E 74 73 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 ; raints.METRICET 
0000228eh: 34 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 53 54 74 72 69 67 67 65 ; 4.METRICSTtrigge
0000229eh: 72 73 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 34 0A 4D 45 ; rs.METRICET 4.ME
000022aeh: 54 52 49 43 53 54 62 69 74 6D 61 70 2C 20 66 75 ; TRICSTbitmap, fu
000022beh: 6E 63 74 69 6F 6E 61 6C 20 61 6E 64 20 65 78 74 ; nctional and ext
000022ceh: 65 6E 73 69 62 6C 65 20 69 6E 64 65 78 65 73 0A ; ensible indexes.
000022deh: 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 34 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 ; METRICET 4.METRI
000022eeh: 43 53 54 70 6F 73 74 74 61 62 6C 65 73 20 61 63 ; CSTposttables ac
000022feh: 74 69 6F 6E 73 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 34 ; tions.METRICET 4
0000230eh: 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 53 54 50 6F 73 74 2D 69 6E ; .METRICSTPost-in
0000231eh: 73 74 20 70 72 6F 63 65 64 75 72 61 6C 20 61 63 ; st procedural ac
0000232eh: 74 69 6F 6E 73 20 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 ; tions .METRICET 
0000233eh: 34 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 47 30 0A 45 58 49 ; 4.METRICETG0.EXI
0000234eh: 54 0A 45 58 49 54 0A                            ; T.EXIT.
--通过比较知道，不同客户端编码，导出的数据内容相同，
--都是一个汉字对应两个字节(说明是按照服务端编码导出)

三、导入测试表(xifenfei)
1.导入xifenfei.dmp(ZHS16GBK编码导出)
1.1)客户端编码设置ZHS16GBK

[oracle@node1 ~]$ echo $NLS_LANG
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
[oracle@node1 ~]$ imp test/xifenfei file=/tmp/xifenfei.dmp \
 log=/tmp/xifenfei_in.log tables=xifenfei fromuser=hr touser=test

Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Dec 21 14:16:27 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.


Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing option

Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path

Warning: the objects were exported by HR, not by you

import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
import server uses AL32UTF8 character set (possible charset conversion)
. importing HR's objects into TEST
. . importing table                     "XIFENFEI"
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 惜分飞
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 惜分飞
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 惜分飞
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 惜分飞          0 rows imported
Import terminated successfully with warnings.

1.2)客户端编码设置为AL32UTF8

[oracle@node1 ~]$ echo $NLS_LANG
AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
[oracle@node1 ~]$ imp test/xifenfei file=/tmp/xifenfei.dmp \
log=/tmp/xifenfei_in.log tables=xifenfei fromuser=hr touser=test

Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Dec 21 14:21:41 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.


Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing option

Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path

Warning: the objects were exported by HR, not by you

import done in AL32UTF8 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
export client uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)
. importing HR's objects into TEST
. . importing table                     "XIFENFEI"
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 鎯滃垎椋
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 鎯滃垎椋
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 鎯滃垎椋
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 鎯滃垎椋         0 rows imported
Import terminated successfully with warnings.

2.导入xifenfei_new.dmp(AL32UTF8编码导出)
2.1)客户端编码设置ZHS16GBK

[oracle@node1 ~]$ export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
[oracle@node1 ~]$ imp test/xifenfei file=/tmp/xifenfei_new.dmp \
> log=/tmp/xifenfei_in.log tables=xifenfei fromuser=hr touser=test

Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Dec 21 14:39:53 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.


Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing option

Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path

Warning: the objects were exported by HR, not by you

import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
import server uses AL32UTF8 character set (possible charset conversion)
export client uses AL32UTF8 character set (possible charset conversion)
. importing HR's objects into TEST
. . importing table                     "XIFENFEI"
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 惜分飞
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 惜分飞
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 惜分飞
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 惜分飞          0 rows imported
Import terminated successfully with warnings.

2.2)客户端编码设置为AL32UTF8

[oracle@node1 ~]$ export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
[oracle@node1 ~]$ imp test/xifenfei file=/tmp/xifenfei_new.dmp \
> log=/tmp/xifenfei_in.log tables=xifenfei fromuser=hr touser=test

Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Dec 21 14:41:12 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.


Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing option

Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path

Warning: the objects were exported by HR, not by you

import done in AL32UTF8 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing HR's objects into TEST
. . importing table                     "XIFENFEI"
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 鎯滃垎椋
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 鎯滃垎椋
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 鎯滃垎椋
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 鎯滃垎椋         0 rows imported
Import terminated successfully with warnings.

四、修改列长度，导入成功
无论源端客户端使用何种编码导出，目标端使用何种编码导入(仅限我这里说的AL32UTF8和ZHS16GBK),如果客户端编码是ZHS16GBK，验证数据的时候，可以省略掉设置编码的过程。

--导入报错后，登录数据库，修改列长度，因为目标端数据库编码是AL32UTF8，
--1个汉字占用3个字节修改列的程度满足错误提示的最大程度。
SQL> alter table xifenfei modify name varchar2(9);

Table altered.

[oracle@node1 ~]$ imp test/xifenfei file=/tmp/xifenfei.dmp \
log=/tmp/xifenfei_in.log tables=xifenfei fromuser=hr touser=test IGNORE=y

Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Dec 21 14:25:07 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.


Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing option

Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path

Warning: the objects were exported by HR, not by you

import done in AL32UTF8 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
export client uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)
. importing HR's objects into TEST
. . importing table                     "XIFENFEI"          4 rows imported
Import terminated successfully without warnings.

--因为目标端客户端编码为AL32UTF8，而linux展示平台编码为gbk，所以出现乱码
--修改客户端编码后，查询乱码问题消失
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus test/xifenfei

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Dec 21 14:25:14 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select * from xifenfei;

NAME
---------
鎯滃垎椋
鎯滃垎椋
鎯滃垎椋
鎯滃垎椋

SQL> exit

[oracle@node1 ~]$ export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus test/xifenfei

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Dec 21 14:25:52 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select * from xifenfei;

NAME
------------------
惜分飞
惜分飞
惜分飞
惜分飞

五、试验总结
1.当源端字符编码为ZHS16GBK，目标端编码为AL32UTF8，客户端随便为其中的一种编码，迁移数据不会出现乱码，但是会出现列长度不够现象。反过来不行，因为utf8中的部分字符转换到gbk中肯定会不支持
2.设置了源端客户端编码，仅仅是导出来的dmp文件头部有编码字符标示不一样，存储数据还是按照服务端存储
3.打破神话，exp/imp导入要不乱码，导出和导入的客户端编码要一致

处理fast_recovery_area无剩余空间案例

Posted on by

一、打开数据库报错

[oracle@node1 ora11g]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Mon Dec 19 15:42:04 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2137886720 bytes
Fixed Size                  2230072 bytes
Variable Size            1493174472 bytes
Database Buffers          637534208 bytes
Redo Buffers                4947968 bytes
SQL> alter database mount;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
Process ID: 19489
Session ID: 96 Serial number: 1

二、错误信息
1.alert日志内容

Mon Dec 19 15:23:29 2011
alter database open
Beginning crash recovery of 1 threads
 parallel recovery started with 7 processes
Started redo scan
Completed redo scan
 read 0 KB redo, 0 data blocks need recovery
Started redo application at
 Thread 1: logseq 3, block 93169, scn 12899730
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 3 Seq 3 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/redo03.log
Completed redo application of 0.00MB
Completed crash recovery at
 Thread 1: logseq 3, block 93169, scn 12919731
 0 data blocks read, 0 data blocks written, 0 redo k-bytes read
Mon Dec 19 15:23:29 2011
LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Mon Dec 19 15:23:29 2011
ARC0 started with pid=27, OS id=19539 
ARC0: Archival started
LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Mon Dec 19 15:23:30 2011
ARC1 started with pid=28, OS id=19548 
Mon Dec 19 15:23:30 2011
ARC2 started with pid=29, OS id=19550 
Mon Dec 19 15:23:30 2011
ARC3 started with pid=30, OS id=19552 
ARC1: Archival started
ARC2: Archival started
ARC2: Becoming the 'no FAL' ARCH
ARC2: Becoming the 'no SRL' ARCH
ARC1: Becoming the heartbeat ARCH
Errors in file /opt/oracle/diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g/trace/ora11g_arc2_19550.trc:
ORA-19815: 警告: db_recovery_file_dest_size 字节 (共 4322230272 字节) 已使用 100.00%, 尚有 0 字节可用。
************************************************************************
You have following choices to free up space from recovery area:
1. Consider changing RMAN RETENTION POLICY. If you are using Data Guard,
   then consider changing RMAN ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY.
2. Back up files to tertiary device such as tape using RMAN
   BACKUP RECOVERY AREA command.
3. Add disk space and increase db_recovery_file_dest_size parameter to
   reflect the new space.
4. Delete unnecessary files using RMAN DELETE command. If an operating
   system command was used to delete files, then use RMAN CROSSCHECK and
   DELETE EXPIRED commands.
************************************************************************
ARC2: Error 19809 Creating archive log file to '/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2011_12_19/o1_mf_1_2_%u_.arc'
Errors in file /opt/oracle/diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g/trace/ora11g_ora_19489.trc:
ORA-19815: WARNING: db_recovery_file_dest_size of 4322230272 bytes is 100.00% used, and has 0 remaining bytes available.
************************************************************************
You have following choices to free up space from recovery area:
1. Consider changing RMAN RETENTION POLICY. If you are using Data Guard,
   then consider changing RMAN ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY.
2. Back up files to tertiary device such as tape using RMAN
   BACKUP RECOVERY AREA command.
3. Add disk space and increase db_recovery_file_dest_size parameter to
   reflect the new space.
4. Delete unnecessary files using RMAN DELETE command. If an operating
   system command was used to delete files, then use RMAN CROSSCHECK and
   DELETE EXPIRED commands.
************************************************************************
ARCH: Error 19809 Creating archive log file to '/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2011_12_19/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc'
ARCH: Archival stopped, error occurred. Will continue retrying
ORACLE Instance ora11g - Archival Error
ORA-16038: 日志 2 sequence# 2 无法归档
ORA-19809: 超出了恢复文件数的限制
ORA-00312: 联机日志 2 线程 1: '/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/redo02.log'
Errors in file /opt/oracle/diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g/trace/ora11g_ora_19489.trc:
ORA-16038: log 1 sequence# 1 cannot be archived
ORA-19809: limit exceeded for recovery files
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/redo01.log'
USER (ospid: 19489): terminating the instance due to error 16038
Mon Dec 19 15:23:31 2011
System state dump requested by (instance=1, osid=19489), summary=[abnormal instance termination].
System State dumped to trace file /opt/oracle/diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g/trace/ora11g_diag_19463.trc
Dumping diagnostic data in directory=[cdmp_20111219152331], requested by (instance=1, osid=19489), summary=[abnormal instance termination].
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 19489

2.trace文件信息(ora11g_ora_19489.trc)

*** 2011-12-19 15:23:31.026 4320 krsh.c
ARCH: Error 19809 Creating archive log file to '/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2011_12_19/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc'
*** 2011-12-19 15:23:31.026 2932 krsi.c
krsi_dst_fail: dest:1 err:19809 force:0 blast:1
DDE: Problem Key 'ORA 312' was flood controlled (0x1) (no incident)
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/redo01.log'
ORA-16038: log 1 sequence# 1 cannot be archived
ORA-19809: limit exceeded for recovery files
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/redo01.log'
kjzduptcctx: Notifying DIAG for crash event
----- Abridged Call Stack Trace -----
ksedsts()+461<-kjzdssdmp()+267<-kjzduptcctx()+232<-kjzdicrshnfy()+53<-ksuitm()+1332<-kcfopd()+5962<-adbdrv()+51834<-opiexe()+18384<-opiosq0()+3870<-kpooprx()
+274<-kpoal8()+829<-opiodr()+916<-ttcpip()+2242<-opitsk()+1673<-opiino()+966<-opiodr()+916<-opidrv()+570
<-sou2o()+103<-opimai_real()+133<-ssthrdmain()+252 
----- End of Abridged Call Stack Trace -----

这个错误很明显：因为数据库归档日志放置在fast_recovery_area中，而空间已满，导致联机日志sequence# 2不能被归档，数据库无法打开

三、修改db_recovery_file_dest_size,打开数据库

SQL>  Alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=20G scope=both;

System altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

设置较大db_recovery_file_dest_size，先打开数据库，再解决问题(减少down机时间是dba一大准则)

四、删除历史归档日志
从sequence# 为2中很明显看出来，数据库进行了resetlogs打开，所以前面的归档日志，在原则上已经无效(不再使用原始备份集恢复)，因为数据库的控制文件中，无原归档日志信息，所以无法使用rman删除归档日志。那只能使用os命令先删除掉历史归档日志，然后再使用rman处理

[root@node1 archivelog]# find ./ -mtime +1| xargs rm -rf
[root@node1 archivelog]# ll
总计 72
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 12-18 22:35 2011_12_18
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 12-19 13:25 2011_12_19

RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;

released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=68 device type=DISK
validation failed for archived log
archived log file name=/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2011_10_31/o1_mf_1_5_7bxbhkof_.arc RECID=1 STAMP=766015219
validation failed for archived log
archived log file name=/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2011_11_01/o1_mf_1_6_7bxw2gpo_.arc RECID=2 STAMP=766033231
……………………………………
validation failed for archived log
archived log file name=/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2011_12_12/o1_mf_1_105_7gc3co97_.arc RECID=132 STAMP=770306728
validation failed for archived log
archived log file name=/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2011_12_12/o1_mf_1_106_7gc3cv1w_.arc RECID=123 STAMP=770306728
validation failed for archived log
archived log file name=/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2011_12_12/o1_mf_1_107_7gc3mbpr_.arc RECID=127 STAMP=770306728
validation succeeded for archived log
archived log file name=/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2011_12_19/o1_mf_1_1_7gxtrlnq_.arc RECID=134 STAMP=770312597
validation succeeded for archived log
archived log file name=/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2011_12_19/o1_mf_1_2_7gxtrloz_.arc RECID=135 STAMP=770312597
validation succeeded for archived log
archived log file name=/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2011_12_19/o1_mf_1_3_7gxtrodg_.arc RECID=136 STAMP=770312599
validation failed for archived log
archived log file name=/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2011_12_12/o1_mf_1_1_7gc3ojqw_.arc RECID=126 STAMP=770306728
……………………………………
validation succeeded for archived log
archived log file name=/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2011_12_19/o1_mf_1_20_7gxlq29k_.arc RECID=113 STAMP=770306728
validation succeeded for archived log
archived log file name=/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2011_12_19/o1_mf_1_21_7gxl3zdm_.arc RECID=114 STAMP=770306728
Crosschecked 136 objects

RMAN> DELETE EXPIRED  archivelog all;

released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=68 device type=DISK
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORA11G
……………………………………
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes
deleted archived log
……………………………………
deleted archived log
archived log file name=/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2011_12_16/o1_mf_1_14_7gpood3n_.arc RECID=115 STAMP=770306728
deleted archived log
archived log file name=/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/archivelog/2011_12_17/o1_mf_1_15_7gqhvvhh_.arc RECID=106 STAMP=770306727
Deleted 124 EXPIRED objects

五、补充说明
1.使用os命令删除fast_recovery_area内容后，需要使用crosscheck检测(如:archivelog all,backup等)。
2.然后使用 DELETE EXPIRED命令删除(archivelog all,backup等)
3.fast_recovery_area设置合适大小+合适的策略
4.resetlogs打开数据库后，做好备份
5.fast_recovery_area无剩余空间处理思路
5.1)如果数据库不能登录：重启至mount，增大fast_recovery_area，open数据库，然后使用rman删除历史垃圾数据(备份集,日志,闪回日志等)
5.2)如果数据库可以使用sys登录，增大fast_recovery_area(使其数据库可以正常工作)，然后使用rman处理垃圾数据

使用dbms_backup_restore包恢复数据库

Posted on by

Oracle提供了一个包:DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE 包是由dbmsbkrs.sql 和 prvtbkrs.plb 这两个脚本创建的.catproc.sql 脚本运行后会调用这两个包.所以是每个数据库都有的这个包是Oracle服务器和操作系统之间IO操作的接口.由恢复管理器直接调用。而且据说这两个脚本的功能是内建到Oracle的一些库文件中的.
由此可见，我们可以在数据库 nomount 情况下调用这些package ,来达到我们的恢复目的
1、启动数据库到nomount状态

[oracle@node1 ora11g]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Mon Dec 19 13:34:22 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2137886720 bytes
Fixed Size                  2230072 bytes
Variable Size            1493174472 bytes
Database Buffers          637534208 bytes
Redo Buffers                4947968 bytes

2、恢复controlfile

SQL> DECLARE
  2  devtype varchar2(256);
  3  done boolean;
  4  BEGIN
  5  devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');
  6  sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile;
  7  sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreControlfileTo(cfname=>'/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl');
  8  sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'/tmp/ora11g_02mu1avd_1_1.rman', params=>null);
  9  sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;
 10  END;
 11  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

3、恢复数据文件

SQL> DECLARE
  2  devtype varchar2(256);
  3  done boolean;
  4  BEGIN
  5  devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');
  6  sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile;
  7  sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>1,toname=>'/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/system01.dbf');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>2,toname=>'/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/sysaux01.dbf');
sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>3,toname=>'/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/undotbs01.dbf');
  8    9   10  sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>4,toname=>'/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf');
 11  sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>5,toname=>'/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf');
 12  sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'/tmp/ora11g_01mu1aqq_1_1.rman', params=>null);
 13  sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;
 14  END;
 15  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

4、启动数据库

SQL> alter database mount;
SQL> alter database recover until cancel using backup controlfile;
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

5、特别说明
在oracle 10g及其以后版本中，因为rman中有catalog with start命令，可以实现rman备份的加载，所以不需要使用dbms_backup_restore包处理，在oracle 9i及其以前版本中，可能因为没有catalog库，控制文件中又没有了备份集信息，需要采用这种方法处理数据文件还原，然后根据实际情况，使用ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE 添加日志，进行恢复

sysaux数据文件异常恢复

Posted on by

案例背景:在我接手这个库之前，因为某种原因sysaux表空间的数据文件离线，该库非归档模式，无备份
一、sysaux数据文件离线原因

Mon Jun  7 03:03:22 2010
KCF: write/open error block=0x67009 online=1
     file=3 /opt/app/oracle/oradata/BAS/sysaux01.dbf
     error=27072 txt: 'Linux-x86_64 Error: 5: Input/output error
Additional information: 4
Additional information: 421897
Additional information: -1'
Automatic datafile offline due to write error on
file 3: /opt/app/oracle/oradata/BAS/sysaux01.dbf

因为该数据库是非归档模式，估计以前的dba也是一段时间后发现sysaux被离线，因为不是归档模式，无法恢复，就一直放置着，让库处于这样的状态中。

二、sysaux数据文件online
1、使用bbed修改sysaux数据文件的scn，见:bbed 修改datafile header

2、尝试online过程日志如下

Sat Dec 17 19:33:36 2011
ORACLE Instance BAS (pid = 17) - Error 376 encountered while recovering transaction (70, 41) on object 8964.
Sat Dec 17 19:33:36 2011
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_smon_27197.trc:
ORA-00376: file 3 cannot be read at this time
ORA-01110: data file 3: '/opt/app/oracle/oradata/BAS/sysaux01.dbf'
Sat Dec 17 19:33:37 2011
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_smon_27197.trc:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 1, block # 4571)
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/opt/app/oracle/oradata/BAS/system01.dbf'
Sat Dec 17 19:38:38 2011
ORACLE Instance BAS (pid = 17) - Error 376 encountered while recovering transaction (70, 41) on object 8964.
Sat Dec 17 19:38:38 2011
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_smon_27197.trc:
ORA-00376: file 3 cannot be read at this time
ORA-01110: data file 3: '/opt/app/oracle/oradata/BAS/sysaux01.dbf'
Sat Dec 17 19:38:38 2011
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_smon_27197.trc:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 1, block # 4571)
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/opt/app/oracle/oradata/BAS/system01.dbf'
Sat Dec 17 19:39:47 2011
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER  datafile 3  
Sat Dec 17 19:39:47 2011
Media Recovery Start
 parallel recovery started with 7 processes
Sat Dec 17 19:39:47 2011
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 6 Seq 13545 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0 errs 0: /opt/app/oracle/oradata/BAS/redo0602.log
  Mem# 1 errs 0: /opt/app/oracle/oradata/BAS/redo0601.log
Sat Dec 17 19:39:47 2011
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 7 Seq 13546 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0 errs 0: /opt/app/oracle/oradata/BAS/redo0702.log
  Mem# 1 errs 0: /opt/app/oracle/oradata/BAS/redo0701.log
Sat Dec 17 19:39:47 2011
Media Recovery Complete (BAS)
Completed: ALTER DATABASE RECOVER  datafile 3  
Sat Dec 17 19:39:58 2011
alter database datafile 3 online
Sat Dec 17 19:39:58 2011
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_smon_27197.trc:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 3 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 3: '/opt/app/oracle/oradata/BAS/sysaux01.dbf'
Sat Dec 17 19:39:58 2011
Completed: alter database datafile 3 online

这个过程虽然在sqlplus中提示online成功，但是alert中的错误警告，以及smon进程占用100%的cup资源，最终导致数据库hang住。

2、分析alert日志和trace文件

alert日志中
Sat Dec 17 19:38:38 2011
ORACLE Instance BAS (pid = 17) - Error 376 encountered while recovering transaction (70, 41) on object 8964.

bas_smon_27197.trc中
[oracle@bas bdump]$ more /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_smon_27197.trc
/opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_smon_27197.trc
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
ORACLE_HOME = /opt/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
System name:    Linux
Node name:      bas
Release:        2.6.9-78.ELsmp
Version:        #1 SMP Wed Jul 9 15:46:26 EDT 2008
Machine:        x86_64
Instance name: BAS
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
Oracle process number: 17
Unix process pid: 27197, image: oracle@bas (SMON)

*** SERVICE NAME:() 2011-12-17 19:23:33.179
*** SESSION ID:(5490.1) 2011-12-17 19:23:33.179
SMON: about to recover undo segment 70
ORACLE Instance BAS (pid = 17) - Error 376 encountered while recovering transaction (70, 41) on object 8964.
*** 2011-12-17 19:23:33.188
ksedmp: internal or fatal error
ORA-00376: file 3 cannot be read at this time
ORA-01110: data file 3: '/opt/app/oracle/oradata/BAS/sysaux01.dbf'

通过这些证明smon在利用undo segment 70在回滚sysaux中的内容，但是因为某种原因该回滚段异常，不能进行回滚，是的smon一直尝试回滚，但是始终不成功，最后数据库hang住，需要解决sysaux的问题，首先需要解决这个回滚段问题(删除异常回滚段)

3、删除异常回滚段,online datafile 3

强制kill掉smon进程，重启数据库
[oracle@bas bdump]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Dec 17 19:52:14 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 8589934592 bytes
Fixed Size                  2034520 bytes
Variable Size            1124074664 bytes
Database Buffers         7398752256 bytes
Redo Buffers               65073152 bytes
Database mounted.

--为了数据库不hang掉，先offline datafile 3
SQL> alter database datafile 3 offline;

Database altered.

SQL> select segment_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;
select segment_name,status from dba_rollback_segs
                                *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01219: database not open: queries allowed on fixed tables/views only


SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> select segment_name,status from dba_rollback_segs where status='NEEDS RECOVERY';

SEGMENT_NAME                   STATUS
------------------------------ ----------------
_SYSSMU70$                     NEEDS RECOVERY

SQL> create pfile='/tmp/pfile' from spfile;

File created.

关闭数据库，在pfile中增加
*._corrupted_rollback_segments=(_SYSSMU70$)

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup pfile='/tmp/pfile'
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 8589934592 bytes
Fixed Size                  2034520 bytes
Variable Size            1124074664 bytes
Database Buffers         7398752256 bytes
Redo Buffers               65073152 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> drop  rollback segment "_SYSSMU70$";

Rollback segment dropped.

SQL> alter database datafile 3 online;
alter database datafile 3 online
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 3 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 3: '/opt/app/oracle/oradata/BAS/sysaux01.dbf'


SQL> recover  datafile 3 ;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database datafile 3 online;

Database altered.

三、解决坏块问题
1、alert日志中坏块记录

Sat Dec 17 20:33:31 2011
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_smon_27772.trc:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 1, block # 4571)
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/opt/app/oracle/oradata/BAS/system01.dbf'
Sat Dec 17 20:33:54 2011
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_m000_28027.trc:
Sat Dec 17 20:43:32 2011
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_smon_27772.trc:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 1, block # 4571)
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/opt/app/oracle/oradata/BAS/system01.dbf'

2、查询坏块对象

SQL> SELECT OWNER, SEGMENT_NAME, SEGMENT_TYPE, TABLESPACE_NAME, A.PARTITION_NAME
  2    FROM DBA_EXTENTS A
 WHERE FILE_ID = &FILE_ID
   AND &BLOCK_ID BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID + BLOCKS - 1;  3    4  
Enter value for file_id: 1
old   3:  WHERE FILE_ID = &FILE_ID
new   3:  WHERE FILE_ID = 1
Enter value for block_id: 4571
old   4:    AND &BLOCK_ID BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID + BLOCKS - 1
new   4:    AND 4571 BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID + BLOCKS - 1
                                           
OWNER
------------------------------
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SEGMENT_TYPE       TABLESPACE_NAME                PARTITION_NAME
------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
SYS
SMON_SCN_TIME_SCN_IDX
INDEX              SYSTEM

SQL> alter index SMON_SCN_TIME_SCN_IDX rebulid online;
alter index SMON_SCN_TIME_SCN_IDX rebulid online
                                  *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02243: invalid ALTER INDEX or ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW option

SQL> select table_name from dba_indexes where index_name='SMON_SCN_TIME_SCN_IDX';

TABLE_NAME
------------------------------
SMON_SCN_TIME

3、解决坏块问题

SQL> truncate table SMON_SCN_TIME;
truncate table SMON_SCN_TIME
               *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-03292: Table to be truncated is part of a cluster

SQL> truncate  cluster SMON_SCN_TIME;
truncate  cluster SMON_SCN_TIME
                  *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00943: cluster does not exist

SQL> SELECT dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','SMON_SCN_TIME','SYS') FROM dual;
 
DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','SMON_SCN_TIME','SYS')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
  CREATE TABLE "SYS"."SMON_SCN_TIME"
   (    "THREAD" NUMBER,
        "TIME_MP" NUMBER,
        "TIME_DP" DATE,
        "SCN_WRP" NUMBER,
        "SCN_BAS" NUMBER,
        "NUM_MAPPINGS" NUMBER,
        "TIM_SCN_MAP" RAW(1200),
        "SCN" NUMBER DEFAULT 0,
        "ORIG_THREAD" NUMBER DEFAULT 0           /* for downgrade */
   ) CLUSTER "SYS"."SMON_SCN_TO_TIME" ("THREAD")

SQL> truncate cluster smon_scn_to_time;

Cluster truncated.

SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;

System altered.

四、解决AUTO_SPACE_ADVISOR_JOB引起bug

Sat Dec 17 21:00:38 2011
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_m000_28144.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcbz_check_objd_typ_1], [0], [0], [1], [], [], [], []
Sat Dec 17 21:00:41 2011
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_m000_28144.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcbz_check_objd_typ_1], [0], [0], [1], [], [], [], []
Sat Dec 17 21:00:44 2011
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_m000_28144.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcbz_check_objd_typ_3], [0], [0], [1], [], [], [], []
Sat Dec 17 21:00:47 2011
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_m000_28144.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcbz_check_objd_typ_1], [0], [0], [1], [], [], [], []
Sat Dec 17 21:00:50 2011
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_m000_28144.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcbz_check_objd_typ_1], [0], [0], [1], [], [], [], []
Sat Dec 17 21:00:54 2011
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_m000_28144.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcbz_check_objd_typ_3], [0], [0], [1], [], [], [], []
Sat Dec 17 21:00:57 2011
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_m000_28144.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcbz_check_objd_typ_3], [0], [0], [1], [], [], [], []
Sat Dec 17 21:01:00 2011
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_m000_28144.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcbz_check_objd_typ_3], [0], [0], [1], [], [], [], []
Sat Dec 17 21:01:03 2011
Errors in file /opt/app/oracle/admin/BAS/bdump/bas_m000_28144.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcbz_check_objd_typ_3], [0], [0], [1], [], [], [], []

查看MOS发现(430223.1,785899.1)Segment advisor带来的buffer坏块，可以禁用AUTO_SPACE_ADVISOR_JOB并清空buffer来解决，最终解决办法，升级数据库

SQL> exec dbms_scheduler.disable('AUTO_SPACE_ADVISOR_JOB'); 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;

System altered.

至此这次数据库sysaux数据文件异常恢复完全结束。再次提醒各位，数据库一定要做好备份和归档工作。

ORA-06553: PLS-801: internal error [56319]

Posted on by

开发那边有台Linux 32位服务器因为网卡问题，准备把数据库迁移到一台新服务器(Linux 64)上。因为是开发环境(对稳定性要求不是非常高，停机时间几乎没有要求)，还有我比较懒，准备两边安装相同版本，打上相同的补丁，然后直接拷贝datafile/redo/controlfile/spfile的方法完成数据文件迁移
一、源端信息

--系统信息
[oracle@localhost ~]$ uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.18-194.el5PAE #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 22:00:21 EDT 2010 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

--数据库信息
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Dec 15 13:38:51 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

二、目标端信息

--操作系统信息
[oracle@gongantest ~]$ uname -a
Linux gongantest 2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Fri Apr 2 14:58:14 EDT 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

--数据库信息
[oracle@gongantest ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Dec 15 13:43:14 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

三、迁移数据库
1.修改目标库ORACLE_SID变量等环境变量
2.目标库建立相关目录(参考源库)
3.使用shutdown immediate关闭源库
4.拷贝spfile和oradata中文件

四、启动目标端数据库

[oracle@gongantest gaxt]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Dec 15 12:46:19 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1526726656 bytes
Fixed Size                  2084136 bytes
Variable Size             369099480 bytes
Database Buffers         1140850688 bytes
Redo Buffers               14692352 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

五、收集系统统计信息

SQL> exec dbms_stats.delete_system_stats();
BEGIN dbms_stats.delete_system_stats(); END;

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06553: PLS-801: internal error [56319]

六、重新编译对象

SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup upgrade;
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlirp.sql
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup;

七、出现ORA-07445[_intel_fast_memcpy.J()+250]错误

--alert日志
Thu Dec 15 13:07:22 2011
Errors in file /opt/oracle/admin/gaxt/udump/gaxt_ora_13898.trc:
ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [_intel_fast_memcpy.J()+250] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x2BA0E731928F] [] []

--trace文件
*** 2011-12-15 12:58:49.883
SERVER COMPONENT id=UTLRP_BGN: timestamp=2011-12-15 12:58:49
*** 2011-12-15 13:07:22.063
Exception signal: 11 (SIGSEGV), code: 1 (Address not mapped to object), addr: 0x2ba0e731928f, PC: [0x2b9fdf587cd8, _intel_fast_memcpy.J()+250]
*** 2011-12-15 13:07:22.063
ksedmp: internal or fatal error
ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [_intel_fast_memcpy.J()+250] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x2BA0E731928F] [] []
Current SQL statement for this session:
 declare 
     rc sys_refcursor; 
   begin 
     :1 := "SYS"."OLAPIMPL_T"."ODCITABLEDESCRIBE"(:2 ,'SYS.AWMD duration query','olapsys.ALL_OLAP2_AW_METADATA_T','ACTIVE_CATALOG ''ALL_CATALOGS'' ''ALL''','
MEASURE AWOWNER FROM sys.awmd!CAT_AWOWNER
                        MEASURE AWNAME FROM sys.awmd!CAT_AWNAME
                        MEASURE COL5 FROM sys.awmd!CAT_CATALOG_ID
                        MEASURE COL1 FROM sys.awmd!CAT_MEASFOLDERNAME
                        MEASURE COL2 FROM sys.awmd!CAT_MEASFOLDERDESC
                        MEASURE COL4 FROM sys.awmd!CAT_PARENTFOLDERNAME
                        DIMENSION AWMDKEY FROM sys.awmd!AWMDKEY_CAT'); 
   end;

查看MOS，发现 Oracle OLAP AWs(Analytical Workspace)在迁移过程中没有正确处理导致，不过该功能该库中没有使用到，直接忽略

八、查询组件是否都正常

SQL> col comp_name for a40
SQL> SELECT COMP_NAME,STATUS FROM DBA_REGISTRY;

COMP_NAME                                STATUS
---------------------------------------- ----------------------
Spatial                                  VALID
Oracle interMedia                        VALID
OLAP Catalog                             VALID
Oracle Enterprise Manager                VALID
Oracle XML Database                      VALID
Oracle Text                              VALID
Oracle Expression Filter                 VALID
Oracle Rules Manager                     VALID
Oracle Workspace Manager                 VALID
Oracle Data Mining                       VALID
Oracle Database Catalog Views            VALID

COMP_NAME                                STATUS
---------------------------------------- ----------------------
Oracle Database Packages and Types       VALID
JServer JAVA Virtual Machine             VALID
Oracle XDK                               VALID
Oracle Database Java Packages            VALID
OLAP Analytic Workspace                  VALID
Oracle OLAP API                          VALID

九、收集系统信息

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_system_stats(gathering_mode => 'START');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

--一段时间后

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_system_stats(gathering_mode => 'STOP');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.