单网卡绑定多IP导致TNS-12542等错误

今天想在家中访问下公司的oracle数据库,我了解的情况是那台服务器是有内外网ip,内网可以访问数据库。所以按照常理推断我只要配置下listener,外网应该也就可以正常访问
于是我就登陆到服务器上,修改listener.ora文件

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.11.12)(PORT = 1521))
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 211.155.227.172)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
    )
  )

lsnrctl start 不能正常启动,报错如下:

Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=211.155.227.172)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12542: TNS:address already in use
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00512: Address already in use
   Linux Error: 98: Address already in use

根据错误提示,意思是HOST=211.155.227.172这个(地址+端口+协议)已经被占用
第一反应:使用netstat -an|grep 1521没有发现该地址有1521端口启动,说明没有被占用
第二反应:防火墙,通过查看发现防火墙是关闭
通过以上两项查看都没有问题,那我修改下监听端口尝试下,然后我把监听端口改成了1522,监听能够正常启动,并且开始监听1522端口。通过实验证明1522端口是正常的,那问题出在哪里呢?为什么1521不行,我查看下ip地址的设置情况

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:E0:4D:C3:D5:18  
          inet addr:192.168.11.12  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.252.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:5000774 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1610691 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:1828268348 (1.7 GiB)  TX bytes:436101782 (415.8 MiB)

eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:E0:4D:C3:D5:18  
          inet addr:211.155.227.172  Bcast:211.155.227.175  Mask:255.255.255.240
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

发现192.168.11.12和211.155.227.172都是绑定在eth0的网卡上,因为监听在192.168.11.12启动了1521端口,所以211.155.227.172上的1521不能起来(因为同一张网卡)
我想既然是公用同一张网卡,那么监听了192.168.11.12:1521,那我用211.155.227.172:1521应该可以正常访问,除掉监听中的(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 211.155.227.172)(PORT = 1522)),然后直接在自己的电脑上修改tns,使用 211.155.227.172地址访问,果然能够访问。
通过这次事件得出结论:单网卡绑定多IP,只要监听主IP地址,其他绑定的IP均可以访问,不需要修改任何监听信息

OEM在Linux系统中乱码问题解决方法(redhat 5/ORACLE 10g)

如果想以中文显示,则需要修改一些配置文件。
包括三个目录:
$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib
$ORACLE_HOME/jre/1.4.2/lib
$ORACLE_HOME/javavm/lib/ojvmfonts
这三个目录下都有 font.properties 和 font.properties.zh_CN.Redhat 文件。
如果DB中没有找够三个目录,那只要修改找到的目录下面的就可以啦。

font.properties文件备份
cp $ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/font.properties $ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/font.properties.bak
cp $ORACLE_HOME/jre/1.4.2/lib/font.properties $ORACLE_HOME/jre/1.4.2/lib/font.properties.bak
cp $ORACLE_HOME/javavm/lib/ojvmfonts/font.properties $ORACLE_HOME/javavm/lib/ojvmfonts/font.properties.bak

用font.properties.zh_CN.Redhat替换font.properties
cp $ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/font.properties.zh_CN.Redhat $ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/font.properties
cp $ORACLE_HOME/jre/1.4.2/lib/font.properties.zh_CN.Redhat $ORACLE_HOME/jre/1.4.2/lib/font.properties
cp $ORACLE_HOME/javavm/lib/ojvmfonts/font.properties.zh_CN.Redhat $ORACLE_HOME/javavm/lib/ojvmfonts/font.properties

修改font.properties最后一行
filename.-misc-zysong18030-medium-r-normal–*-%d-*-*-c-*-iso10646-1=/usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/zysong.ttf
我们发现字体文件 /usr/share/fonts/zh_CN/TrueType/uming.ttf 根本是不存在的,有些系统可以直接做一个链接文件链接到系统存在的字体文件就可以解决掉乱码问题,但是我的系统做了链接以后还是没能解决,只好修改三个目录下修改后的 font.properties 文件的最后一行为如下内容:
filename.-misc-zysong18030-medium-r-normal–*-%d-*-*-c-*-iso10646-1=/usr/share/fonts/chinese/TrueType/uming.ttf

删除OEM缓存文件
rm -rf $ORACLE_HOME/oc4j/j2ee/oc4j_applications/applications/em/em/cabo/images/cache/zhs/*

重启OEM
emctl stop dbconsole
emctl start dbconsole

说明:
修改的前提必须保证系统里存在这个字体文件
ls /usr/share/fonts/chinese/TrueType/fonts.dir fonts.scale ukai.ttf uming.ttf
自己可以找本系统对应的中文字体文件。

long查询结果转换为varchar2类型

来自Thomas Kyte 《Oracle9i/10g/11g编程艺术》 12章节中.由于long的操作限制,那么在操作long之前可以将该类型的结果转换为varchar2然后再使用,long_help.substr_of的基本意思是将long结果的的前4000字节转换为varchar2类型.如果long的数据超过了4000字节,那么可以将循环调用此函数

create or replace package long_help
authid current_user
as
function substr_of
( p_query in varchar2,
p_from  in number,
p_for   in number,
p_name1 in varchar2 default NULL,
p_bind1 in varchar2 default NULL,
p_name2 in varchar2 default NULL,
p_bind2 in varchar2 default NULL,
p_name3 in varchar2 default NULL,
p_bind3 in varchar2 default NULL,
p_name4 in varchar2 default NULL,
p_bind4 in varchar2 default NULL )
return varchar2;
end;

create or replace package body long_help
as
    g_cursor number := dbms_sql.open_cursor;
    g_query  varchar2(32765);
procedure bind_variable( p_name in varchar2, p_value in varchar2 )
is
begin
    if ( p_name is not null )
    then
        dbms_sql.bind_variable( g_cursor, p_name, p_value );
    end if;
end;

function substr_of
( p_query in varchar2,
  p_from  in number,
  p_for   in number,
  p_name1 in varchar2 default NULL,
  p_bind1 in varchar2 default NULL,
  p_name2 in varchar2 default NULL,
  p_bind2 in varchar2 default NULL,
  p_name3 in varchar2 default NULL,
  p_bind3 in varchar2 default NULL,
  p_name4 in varchar2 default NULL,
  p_bind4 in varchar2 default NULL )
return varchar2
as
    l_buffer       varchar2(4000);
    l_buffer_len   number;
begin
    if ( nvl(p_from,0) <= 0 )
    then
        raise_application_error
        (-20002, 'From must be >= 1 (positive numbers)' );
    end if;
    if ( nvl(p_for,0) not between 1 and 4000 )
    then
        raise_application_error
        (-20003, 'For must be between 1 and 4000' );
    end if;
    if ( p_query <> g_query or g_query is NULL )
    then
        if ( upper(trim(nvl(p_query,'x'))) not like 'SELECT%')
        then
            raise_application_error
            (-20001, 'This must be a select only' );
        end if;
        dbms_sql.parse( g_cursor, p_query, dbms_sql.native );
        g_query := p_query;
    end if;
    bind_variable( p_name1, p_bind1 );
    bind_variable( p_name2, p_bind2 );
    bind_variable( p_name3, p_bind3 );
    bind_variable( p_name4, p_bind4 );
    dbms_sql.define_column_long(g_cursor, 1);
    if (dbms_sql.execute_and_fetch(g_cursor)>0)
    then
        dbms_sql.column_value_long
        (g_cursor, 1, p_for, p_from-1,
         l_buffer, l_buffer_len );
    end if;
    return l_buffer;
end substr_of;
end;

使用方法:查询DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS中的HIGH_VALUE

SELECT *
  FROM (SELECT TABLE_OWNER,
                TABLE_NAME,
                PARTITION_NAME,
                LONG_HELP.SUBSTR_OF('SELECT HIGH_VALUE
FROM   DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS WHERE TABLE_OWNER=:TABLE_OWNER 
AND TABLE_NAME=:TABLE_NAME
AND PARTITION_NAME=:PARTITION_NAME',
                                     1,
                                     4000,
                                     'TABLE_OWNER',
                                     TABLE_OWNER,
                                     'TABLE_NAME',
                                     TABLE_NAME,
                                     'PARTITION_NAME',
                                     PARTITION_NAME) HIGH_VALUE
           FROM DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS);

WARNING: inbound connection timed out (ORA-3136)

1、现象
alert文件中
Mon Jun 27 11:12:34 2011
WARNING: inbound connection timed out (ORA-3136)

sqlnet.log文件中
Fatal NI connect error 12170.
VERSION INFORMATION:
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 – Production
Oracle Bequeath NT Protocol Adapter for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 – Production
TCP/IP NT Protocol Adapter for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 – Production
Time: 27-JUN-2011 11:12:34
Tracing not turned on.
Tns error struct:
ns main err code: 12535
TNS-12535: TNS:operation timed out
ns secondary err code: 12606
nt main err code: 0
nt secondary err code: 0
nt OS err code: 0
Client address: (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=211.155.227.20)(PORT=2104))

2、原因
Whenever default timeouts are assigned to a parameter, there may be cases where this default does not work well with a particular application. However, some type of timeout on the connection establishment is necessary to combat Denial of Service attacks on the database. In this case, SQLNET.INBOUND_CONNECT__TIMEOUT and INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_listenername were given default values of 60 seconds in Oracle 10.2. It is these timeout values that can cause the errors described in this note.
Also note that it is possilbe the reason the database is slow to authenticate, may be due to an overloaded Oracle database or node.

3、解决
1). set INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_listenername=0 in listener.ora
2). set SQLNET.INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 0 in sqlnet.ora of server.
3). stop and start both listener and database.
4). Now try to connect to DB and observe the behaviour

4、具体操作
4.1)修改INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_listenername
4.1.1)lsnrctl命令修改
LSNRCTL> set inbound_connect_timeout 0
LSNRCTL>save_config

4.1.2)vi修改
修改listener.ora文件,加入: INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_listenername=0

4.2)修改SQLNET.INBOUND_CONNECT__TIMEOUT
修改sqlnet.ora文件,加入: SQLNET.INBOUND_CONNECT__TIMEOUT=0

基于innobackupex的mysql备份脚本

#! /bin/bash
#数据库相关信息
dbuser=root
dbpasswd=password
mycnf=/etc/mysql/my.cnf
#如果bin-log没有指定路径
dir_bin=/opt/mysql/mysqldata/mysqllog

#数据库备份的路径
install_dir=/opt/MySqlBackUp
data_dir=$install_dir/data
temp_dir=$install_dir/temp
log_dir=$install_dir/logs
bin_dir=$install_dir/bin

#接受邮箱
mail=chengfei@srt.com.cn

#备份文件名、日志名、备份日志
sj=`date +\%Y``date +\%m``date +\%d``date +\%H``date +\%M``date +\%S`
datafile=$sj"_data.tar.gz"
log=$sj".log"
binlogfile=$sj"_bin.tar.gz"

#使用mysqldump备份
#是否启动dump功能(0表示不启用,1表示启用)
dump_flag=1
#需要dump出来的数据库名
dumpdb=srtair
#dump文件名
dumpfile=$sj"_"$dumpdb".sql.gz"

#是否备份至远程
#是否启用ftp传输功能
ftp_flag=0
#ftp IP地址
ftp_ip=
#ftp 用户名
ftp_user=
#ftp 密码
ftp_passwd=
#上传ftp 路径
ftp_dir=

#读取my.cnf文件
process_readconfig()
{
echo "-----------开始读my.cnf文件--`date`-------------"
#没有具体路径情况或者有具体路径   
bin_log=`cat $mycnf | grep -i '^log-bin' | awk -F = '{print $2}'|sed s/\ //g`
#数据文件路径
datadir=`cat $mycnf | grep -i '^datadir' | awk -F = '{print $2}'|sed s/\ //g`
#需要判断是否有/,然后决定是否是全路径
#basedir路径
basedir=`cat $mycnf | grep -i '^basedir' | awk -F = '{print $2}'|sed s/\ //g`
}

#日志处理
process_binlog()
{
echo "……………………………开始备份日志文件--`date`………………………………">>"$log_dir/$log"
echo "……………………………开始备份日志文件--`date`………………………………"
echo "需要备份二进制日志列表……">>"$log_dir/$log"
ls -tl "$bin_log."[0-9]* >>"$log_dir/$log"
echo "开始备份二进制日志文件……"`date`>>"$log_dir/$log"
tar czvfP "$data_dir/$binlogfile" "$bin_log".[0-9]*
echo "结束备份二进制日志文件……"`date`>>"$log_dir/$log"

#删除一天以前的日志文件
echo "删除过期二进制日志文件……"`date`>>"$log_dir/$log"
echo "删除过期二进制日志列表……">>"$log_dir/$log"
find $dir_bin -type f -mtime +1>>"$log_dir/$log"
find $dir_bin -type f -mtime +1 -exec rm -f {} \;
echo "删除过期二进制日志文件结束……"`date`>>"$log_dir/$log"
echo "…………………………备份日志文件结束--`date`……………………………………">>"$log_dir/$log"
echo "…………………………备份日志文件结束--`date`……………………………………"
}

#数据备份
process_backup()
{
process_readconfig
#备份数据库
echo "……………………………开始备份数据文件--`date`………………………………"
echo "……………………………开始备份数据文件--`date`………………………………">>"$log_dir/$log"
source /root/.bash_profile
$bin_dir/innobackupex --user="$dbuser" --password="$dbpasswd" --defaults-file="$mycnf" --stream=tar "$temp_dir" 2>"$temp_dir/$sj"_tmp.log | gzip>"$data_dir/$datafile"
echo "……………………………备份数据文件结束--`date`………………………………">>"$log_dir/$log"
echo "……………………………备份数据文件结束--`date`………………………………"

cat "$temp_dir/$sj"_tmp.log>>"$log_dir/$log"
#删除7天以前备份数据和信息
echo "清理7天前备份数据与相关信息……"`date`>>"$log_dir/$log"
find $data_dir -type f -mtime +7>>"$log_dir/$log"
find $data_dir -type f -mtime +7 -exec rm -f {} \;

#mysqldump操作
if [ "$dump_flag" == 1 ]; then
echo "……………… mysqldump操作开始--`date`……………"
echo "……………… mysqldump操作开始--`date`………">>"$log_dir/$log"
 exp_sql
echo "……………… mysqldump操作结束--`date`…………">>"$log_dir/$log"
echo "……………… mysqldump操作结束--`date`……………………………"
fi

#登录mysql,切换日志
$basedir/bin/mysql -u$dbuser -p$dbpasswd<<XFF
flush logs;
exit
XFF
#备份日志文件
process_binlog

#ftp(没有写是否上传失败,成功)
if [ "$ftp_flag" == 1 ]; then
echo "……………… ftp操作开始--`date`……………"
echo "……………… ftp操作开始--`date`…………">>"$log_dir/$log"
 exec_ftp
echo "……………… ftp操作结束--`date`…………">>"$log_dir/$log"
echo "……………… ftp操作结束--`date`……………………………"
fi

#发送邮件 
process_send
}

process_send()
{
  #查找错误
  grep "Error" "$temp_dir/$sj"_tmp.log > "$temp_dir/$sj".err
  IP=`/sbin/ifconfig ${eth} | grep 'inet addr:'| awk '{print $2}' | awk -F : '{print $2}'`
  IP=`echo $IP|awk '{print $1}'`
  echo `grep "innobackupex: completed OK\!" "$temp_dir/$sj"_tmp.log | awk -F : '{print $4}'|sed s/\ //g`>"$temp_dir/$sj".good
  GOOD_COUNT=`cat "$temp_dir/$sj".good |wc -l`
  ERROR_COUNT=`cat  "$temp_dir/$sj".err |wc -l`
  if [ "$ERROR_COUNT" == 0 -a "$GOOD_COUNT" == 1 ]; then
     
     echo "`date`-----MySql备份成功-----">>"$log_dir"/result.log
     echo "-----------------------------------">>"$log_dir"/result.log
     echo "……………………………开始发送邮件--`date`………………………………"
     echo "……………………………开始发送邮件--`date`………………………………">>"$log_dir/$log"
     echo "MySql_Backup_Succeed" | mutt -s "$IP"_MySql_Backup_Succeed -a "$log_dir/$log" ${mail}
  else
     echo "`date`-----MySql备份失败,请检查$temp_dir"/"$sj"_tmp.log>>"$log_dir"/result.log
     echo "-----------------------------------">>"$log_dir"/result.log
     echo "……………………………开始发送邮件--`date`………………………………"
     echo "……………………………开始发送邮件--`date`……………………………">>"$log_dir/$log"
     cat "$temp_dir/$sj".err  | mutt -s "$IP"_MySql_Backup_Fail -a "$temp_dir/$sj"_tmp.log ${mail}
  fi 
   #删除7天前的日志文件
   find $temp_dir -type f -mtime +7 -exec rm -f {} \;
   echo "……………………………发送邮件结束--`date`………………………………">>"$log_dir/$log" 
   echo "……………………………发送邮件结束--`date`………………………………"  
}

#导出sql语句
exp_sql()
{
  mysqldump -u "$dbuser" -p"$dbpasswd"   --single-transaction --allow-keywords --add-locks   --add-drop-table  -F -q "$dumpdb" |gzip 1>"$data_dir/$dumpfile"
}

#ftp操作
exec_ftp()
{
  echo "#!/bin/bash">"$temp_dir/$sj"_ftp.sh
  echo "ftp -n $ftp_ip <<XFF">>"$temp_dir/$sj"_ftp.sh
  echo "user $ftp_user $ftp_passwd">>"$temp_dir/$sj"_ftp.sh
  echo "bin">>"$temp_dir/$sj"_ftp.sh
  echo "cd $ftp_dir">>"$temp_dir/$sj"_ftp.sh
  echo "lcd $data_dir">>"$temp_dir/$sj"_ftp.sh
  echo "put $datafile">>"$temp_dir/$sj"_ftp.sh
  echo "put $dumpfile">>"$temp_dir/$sj"_ftp.sh
  echo "put $binlogfile">>"$temp_dir/$sj"_ftp.sh
  echo "lcd $log_dir">>"$temp_dir/$sj"_ftp.sh
  echo "put $log">>"$temp_dir/$sj"_ftp.sh
  echo "close">>"$temp_dir/$sj"_ftp.sh
  echo "bye" >>"$temp_dir/$sj"_ftp.sh
  echo "XFF">>"$temp_dir/$sj"_ftp.sh
  chmod 777 "$temp_dir/$sj"_ftp.sh
  sh  "$temp_dir/$sj"_ftp.sh
}

#执行备份
process_backup

mysql_backup.sh程序安装说明

1、安装mysqlbackup程序
上传mysqlbackup到服务器/tmp目录
cd /tmp
unzip mysqlbackup.zip
cp /tmp/mysqlbackup/* /opt/mysql/product/5.1/bin
mkdir -p /opt/MySqlBackUp/bin
mkdir -p /opt/MySqlBackUp/data
mkdir -p /opt/MySqlBackUp/logs
mkdir -p /opt/MySqlBackUp/temp
ln -s /opt/mysql/product/5.1/bin/innobackupex /opt/MySqlBackUp/bin/innobackupex

对innobackupex进行授权
cd /opt/mysql/product/5.1/bin/
chmod +x innobackupex*
chmod +x xtrabackup*
chmod +x tar4ibd

cp /tmp/mysqlbackup/mysql_backup.sh /opt/MySqlBackUp/bin/
chmod 775 /opt/MySqlBackUp/bin/mysql_backup.sh

2、修改mysql_backup.sh中的相关数据
dbuser
dbpasswd
mail
dumpdb

3、配置mysql环境变量到root中
export MYSQL_BASE=/opt/mysql
export BASEDIR=$MYSQL_BASE/product/5.1
export DATADIR=$MYSQL_BASE/mysqldata
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$BASEDIR/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export TMPDIR=/tmp
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:$BASEDIR/bin:$MYSQL_BASE:$BASEDIR:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

添加到/root/.bash_profile文件中

4、测试备份
cd /opt/MySqlBackUp/bin
./mysql_backup.sh

5、查看备份是否成功
cat /opt/MySqlBackUp/logs/result.log
如果提示备份成功,则表示程序安装成功,可能不熟到crontab中

6、部署crontab
0 1 * * * (cd /opt/MySqlBackUp/bin;sh ./mysql_backup.sh)

说明:参数配置,均是基于按照mysql安装路径配置