ERROR OGG-01224 TCP/IP error 110 (Connection timed out); retries exceeded.

Cause

This is generally due due to basic issues like:
* The remote manager process is not running or is running with incorrect port number
* The RMTHOST parameter in the pump extract is not configured correctly.
In other cases, the issue could be due to firewalls that forbid the connection, 
blocking certain ports or processes. 
This is generally seen when there is a firewall between the source and target machine and 
either the ports are not open or just the manager port is open.

Solution

The Extract, Replicat and Ggsci processes use ports normally starting at port 7840 and ascend sequentially. 
The ggsci command 'send manager getportinfo detail ' will retrieve the current list of ports that have been
allocated by Manager and their corresponding process IDs.
If you have some port restrictions, then you could use the DYNAMICPORTLIST with some range so that the
collector process will allocate the ports from that range. 
In general to overcome this issue, we could do something like below 

1. Change the target manager parameter file to use something like the following 

port 7809 
dynamicportlist 7810-7820 

2. Stop and start the manager 
3. Open ports 7809 through 7820 in the firewall 
4. Re-start the source pump 
The port range used in dynamicportlist(7810-7820) and the manager port 7809 is just an example. 
You can define your own ports there and have them open. 

OGG Extract Pump abended with ERROR OGG-01224 TCP/IP error 110 (Connection timed out); retries exceeded

ogg中Time Since Chkpt显示unknown解决

1、异常现象

[oracle@localhost ~]$ ggsci

Oracle GoldenGate Command Interpreter for Oracle
Version 11.1.1.0.0 Build 078
Linux, x64, 64bit (optimized), Oracle 10 on Jul 28 2010 13:21:11

Copyright (C) 1995, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.



GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 1> info all

Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     RUNNING                                           
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-ECP     00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-EDS     00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-XZ      00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-EDS       00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-XZ        00:00:00      unknown     
REPLICAT    RUNNING     REP-BOS     00:00:00      unknown     

2、尝试关闭异常进程重启

GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 2> stop *

Sending STOP request to EXTRACT EXT-ECP ...

ERROR: sending message to EXTRACT EXT-ECP (Timeout waiting for message).

Sending STOP request to EXTRACT EXT-EDS ...

ERROR: sending message to EXTRACT EXT-EDS (Timeout waiting for message).

Sending STOP request to EXTRACT EXT-XZ ...

ERROR: sending message to EXTRACT EXT-XZ (Timeout waiting for message).

Sending STOP request to EXTRACT P-EDS ...

ERROR: sending message to EXTRACT P-EDS (Timeout waiting for message).

Sending STOP request to EXTRACT P-XZ ...

ERROR: sending message to EXTRACT P-XZ (Timeout waiting for message).

Sending STOP request to REPLICAT REP-BOS ...

ERROR: sending message to REPLICAT REP-BOS (Timeout waiting for message).

GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 3> stop mgr!

Sending STOP request to MANAGER ...
Request processed.
Manager stopped.

GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 4> info all

Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     STOPPED                                           
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-ECP     00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-EDS     00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-XZ      00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-EDS       00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-XZ        00:00:00      unknown     
REPLICAT    RUNNING     REP-BOS     00:00:00      unknown     

GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 5> kill EXT-ECP 

ERROR: Manager not currently running.

GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 6> kill EXT-EDS 

ERROR: Manager not currently running.


GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 7> info all

Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     STOPPED                                           
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-ECP     00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-EDS     00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-XZ      00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-EDS       00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-XZ        00:00:00      unknown     
REPLICAT    RUNNING     REP-BOS     00:00:00      unknown   

GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 8> exit  
--使用stop 进程,stop mgr,kill 进程都不能正常关闭这些进程

3、系统系统级别kill相关ogg进程

[oracle@localhost OGG]$ ps -ef|grep /opt/OGG
oracle    7479     1  0 Nov10 ?        00:03:31 /opt/OGG/extract PARAMFILE /opt/OGG/dirprm/ext-ecp.prm REPORTFILE /opt/OGG/dirrpt/EXT-ECP.rpt PROCESSID EXT-ECP USESUBDIRS
oracle    7480     1  0 Nov10 ?        00:02:30 /opt/OGG/extract PARAMFILE /opt/OGG/dirprm/ext-eds.prm REPORTFILE /opt/OGG/dirrpt/EXT-EDS.rpt PROCESSID EXT-EDS USESUBDIRS
oracle    7482     1  0 Nov10 ?        00:03:07 /opt/OGG/extract PARAMFILE /opt/OGG/dirprm/ext-xz.prm REPORTFILE /opt/OGG/dirrpt/EXT-XZ.rpt PROCESSID EXT-XZ USESUBDIRS
oracle    7483     1  0 Nov10 ?        00:00:01 /opt/OGG/extract PARAMFILE /opt/OGG/dirprm/p-eds.prm REPORTFILE /opt/OGG/dirrpt/P-EDS.rpt PROCESSID P-EDS USESUBDIRS
oracle    7485     1  0 Nov10 ?        00:00:03 /opt/OGG/replicat PARAMFILE /opt/OGG/dirprm/rep-bos.prm REPORTFILE /opt/OGG/dirrpt/REP-BOS.rpt PROCESSID REP-BOS USESUBDIRS
oracle    7518     1  0 Nov10 ?        00:00:01 ./server -p 7847 -k -l /opt/OGG/ggserr.log
oracle    7677     1  0 Nov10 ?        00:00:15 /opt/OGG/extract PARAMFILE /opt/OGG/dirprm/p-xz.prm REPORTFILE /opt/OGG/dirrpt/P-XZ.rpt PROCESSID P-XZ USESUBDIRS
oracle   25261 25112  0 12:48 pts/1    00:00:00 grep /opt/OGG
[oracle@localhost OGG]$ kill -9 7479 7480 7482 7483 7485  7518 7677
[oracle@localhost OGG]$ ps -ef|grep /opt/OGG
oracle   25264 25112  0 12:48 pts/1    00:00:00 grep /opt/OGG

4、重启所有ogg进程

[oracle@localhost OGG]$ ggsci

Oracle GoldenGate Command Interpreter for Oracle
Version 11.1.1.0.0 Build 078
Linux, x64, 64bit (optimized), Oracle 10 on Jul 28 2010 13:21:11

Copyright (C) 1995, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.



GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 1> info all

Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     STOPPED                                           
EXTRACT     ABENDED     EXT-ECP     00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     ABENDED     EXT-EDS     00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     ABENDED     EXT-XZ      00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     ABENDED     P-EDS       00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     ABENDED     P-XZ        00:00:00      unknown     
REPLICAT    ABENDED     REP-BOS     00:00:00      unknown     
--进程状态还是异常

GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 2> start mgr

Manager started.


GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 3> info all

Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     RUNNING                                           
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-ECP     00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-EDS     00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-XZ      00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-EDS       00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-XZ        00:00:00      unknown     
REPLICAT    RUNNING     REP-BOS     00:00:00      unknown     
--进程起来了,但是Time Since Chkpt还是不正确

GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 4> stop ext-ecp

Sending STOP request to EXTRACT EXT-ECP ...
Request processed.


GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 5> info all

Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     RUNNING                                           
EXTRACT     STOPPED     EXT-ECP     unknown       00:00:02    
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-EDS     00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-XZ      00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-EDS       00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-XZ        00:00:00      unknown     
REPLICAT    RUNNING     REP-BOS     00:00:00      unknown     
--关闭EXT-ECP测试,状态正常

GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 6> start ext-ecp

Sending START request to MANAGER ...
EXTRACT EXT-ECP starting


GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 7> info all

Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     RUNNING                                           
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-ECP     unknown       00:00:14    
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-EDS     00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-XZ      00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-EDS       00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-XZ        00:00:00      unknown     
REPLICAT    RUNNING     REP-BOS     00:00:00      unknown     
--Lag异常,等待恢复

GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 8> stop ext-eds

Sending STOP request to EXTRACT EXT-EDS ...

Recovery is not complete.  This normal stop will wait and checkpoint recovery's 
work when recovery has finished. To force Extract to stop now, 
use the SEND EXTRACT EXT-EDS, FORCESTOP command.
--因为恢复没有完成导致该提示,可以忽略,等待

GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 9> info all

Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     RUNNING                                           
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-ECP     unknown       00:00:02    
EXTRACT     STOPPED     EXT-EDS     01:51:12      00:00:01    
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-IM      00:00:00      1059:44:26  
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-XZ      00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-EDS       00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-XZ        00:00:00      unknown     
REPLICAT    RUNNING     REP-BOS     00:00:00      unknown     


GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 10> start ext-eds

Sending START request to MANAGER ...
EXTRACT EXT-EDS starting


GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 11> info all

Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     RUNNING                                           
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-ECP     99:53:02      00:00:01    
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-EDS     01:51:12      00:00:10    
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-XZ      00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-EDS       00:00:00      unknown     
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-XZ        00:00:00      unknown     
REPLICAT    RUNNING     REP-BOS     00:00:00      00:00:00    


GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 12> stop ext-xz

Sending STOP request to EXTRACT EXT-XZ ...
Request processed.


GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 13> start ext-xz

Sending START request to MANAGER ...
EXTRACT EXT-XZ starting

GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 15> stop p-eds

Sending STOP request to EXTRACT P-EDS ...
Request processed.


GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 16> start p-eds

Sending START request to MANAGER ...
EXTRACT P-EDS starting


GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 17> stop p-xz

Sending STOP request to EXTRACT P-XZ ...
Request processed.


GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 18> start p-xz

Sending START request to MANAGER ...
EXTRACT P-XZ starting


GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 19> info all

Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER     RUNNING                                           
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-ECP     00:00:00      00:00:01    
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-EDS     00:00:00      00:00:10    
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-IM      00:00:00      1059:45:28  
EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT-XZ      00:00:00      00:00:07    
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-EDS       00:00:00      00:00:04    
EXTRACT     RUNNING     P-XZ        00:00:00      00:00:05    
REPLICAT    RUNNING     REP-BOS     00:00:00      00:00:05    
--重启所有异常进程,ogg工作正常

GGSCI (localhost.localdomain) 20> 

5、总结处理步骤
强制关闭mgr,系统级别kill相关ogg进程,开启ogg主进程,重启相关进程

pl/sql的定义者与调用者

一、执行的schema不同,操作的对象也不同

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期日 11月 20 20:39:06 20

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Productio
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options

SQL> create user xffa identified by xifenfei;

用户已创建。

SQL> grant connect,resource to xffa;

授权成功。

SQL> create user xffb identified by xifenfei;

用户已创建。

SQL> grant connect,resource to xffb;

授权成功。

SQL> conn xffa/xifenfei
已连接。
xffa>create table tmp(str varchar2(50));

表已创建。

xffa>insert into tmp values
  2  ('my name is xffa');

已创建 1 行。

xffa>commit;

提交完成。

xffa>create or replace procedure definer_proc as
  2      begin
  3        for x in (select sys_context('userenv', 'current_user') current_user,

  4                         sys_context('userenv', 'session_user') session_user,

  5                         sys_context('userenv', 'current_schema') current_sch
ema,
  6                         str
  7                    from tmp) loop
  8        dbms_output.put_line('Current User:   ' || x.current_user);
  9        dbms_output.put_line('Session User:   ' || x.session_user);
 10        dbms_output.put_line('Current Schema: ' || x.current_schema);
 11        dbms_output.put_line('Tables Value:    ' || x.str);
 12      end loop;
 13    end;
 14    /

过程已创建。

xffa>create or replace procedure invoker_proc AUTHID CURRENT_USER as
  2      begin
  3        for x in (select sys_context('userenv', 'current_user') current_user,

  4                         sys_context('userenv', 'session_user') session_user,

  5                         sys_context('userenv', 'current_schema') current_sch
ema,
  6                         str
  7                    from tmp) loop
  8        dbms_output.put_line('Current User:   ' || x.current_user);
  9        dbms_output.put_line('Session User:   ' || x.session_user);
 10        dbms_output.put_line('Current Schema: ' || x.current_schema);
 11        dbms_output.put_line('Tables Value:    ' || x.str);
 12      end loop;
 13    end;
 14    /

过程已创建。

xffa>grant execute on definer_proc to xffb;

授权成功。

xffa>grant execute on invoker_proc to xffb;

授权成功。

xffa>set serveroutput on
xffa>exec definer_proc;
Current User:   XFFA
Session User:   XFFA
Current Schema: XFFA
Tables Value:    my name is xffa

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

xffa>exec invoker_proc;
Current User:   XFFA
Session User:   XFFA
Current Schema: XFFA
Tables Value:    my name is xffa

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

xffa>conn xffb/xifenfei
已连接。
xffb>exec xffa.definer_proc;

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

xffb>set serveroutput on
xffb>exec xffa.definer_proc;
Current User:   XFFA
Session User:   XFFB
Current Schema: XFFA
Tables Value:    my name is xffa

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
--除了session是当前用户的,其他都是这个过程所属用户

xffb>exec xffa.invoker_proc;
BEGIN xffa.invoker_proc; END;

*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00942: 表或视图不存在
ORA-06512: 在 "XFFA.INVOKER_PROC", line 3
ORA-06512: 在 line 1
--根据这个提示,很容易知道是tmp表不存在,也就是说明这个没有调用xffa.tmp表

xffb>create table tmp(str varchar2(50));

表已创建。

xffb>insert into tmp values
  2  ('my name is xffb');

已创建 1 行。

xffb>commit;

提交完成。

xffb>exec xffa.invoker_proc;
Current User:   XFFB
Session User:   XFFB
Current Schema: XFFB
Tables Value:    my name is xffb

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
--这个可以看出当时调用者的时候,执行的完全是当前用户下面的对象

在定义者(definer)权限下,执行的用户操作的schema为定义者,所操作的对象是定义者在编译时指定的对象。
在调用者(invoker)权限下,执行的用户操作的schema为当前用户,所操作的对象是当前模式下的对象。

二、执行的权限不同

xffb>create or replace procedure createtbl_definer as
  2      begin
  3        execute immediate 'create table xff_definer (id number)';
  4      end;
  5      /

过程已创建。

xffb>create or replace procedure createtbl_invoker AUTHID CURRENT_USER  as
  2      begin
  3        execute immediate 'create table xff_invoker (id number)';
  4      end;
  5      /

xffb>grant execute on createtbl_definer to xffa;

授权成功。

xffb>grant execute on createtbl_invoker to xffa;

授权成功。

xffb>exec createtbl_definer;
BEGIN createtbl_definer; END;

*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-01031: 权限不足
ORA-06512: 在 "XFFB.CREATETBL_DEFINER", line 3
ORA-06512: 在 line 1
--提示权限不足,很明显是缺少创建表的权限

xffb>exec createtbl_invoker;

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

xffb>desc xff_invoker;
 名称                                      是否为空? 类型
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

 ID                                                 NUMBER
--调用者创建成功

xffb>conn xffa/xifenfei
已连接。
xffa>exec xffb.createtbl_definer;
BEGIN xffb.createtbl_definer; END;

*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-01031: 权限不足
ORA-06512: 在 "XFFB.CREATETBL_DEFINER", line 3
ORA-06512: 在 line 1
--定义者同样提示没有权限创建表,通过1中的试验,我们知道
--定义者执行的这个过程定义者的对象,也就是说,是因为xffb无权创建表导致该提示

xffa>exec xffb.createtbl_invoker;

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

xffa>desc xff_invoker;
 名称                                      是否为空? 类型
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

 ID                                                 NUMBER

xffa>conn / as sysdba
已连接。
SQL>select owner,table_name from dba_tables where table_name=upper('xff_invoker');

OWNER                          TABLE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
XFFB                           XFF_INVOKER
XFFA                           XFF_INVOKER
--xffa用户执行成功,并且在自己的schema下面创建了表,证明了1的正确

SQL>GRANT CREATE TABLE TO XFFB;

授权成功。

SQL>conn xffb/xifenfei
已连接。
xffb>exec createtbl_definer;

PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。

xffb>desc xff_definer;
 名称                                      是否为空? 类型
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

 ID                                                 NUMBER
--说明直接授权是的定义者操作成功,但是角色(resource)不能使其操作成功

xffb>conn xffa/xifenfei
已连接。
xffa>exec xffb.createtbl_definer;
BEGIN xffb.createtbl_definer; END;

*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00955: 名称已由现有对象使用
ORA-06512: 在 "XFFB.CREATETBL_DEFINER", line 3
ORA-06512: 在 line 1
--因为定义者执行的是过程创建者的对象,因为XFFB.CREATETBL_DEFINER已经创建成功

在定义者(definer)权限下,当前用户的权限为角色无效情况下所拥有的权限。
在调用者(invoker)权限下,当前用户的权限为当前所拥有的权限(含角色)。

三、执行的效率不同
在定义者(definer)权限下,过程被静态编译静态执行(相对而言),所执行sql语句在共享区池中是可被共享使用的
在调用者(invoker)权限下,过程静态编译,但动态执行,虽然执行的语句相同,但不同用户执行,其sql语句在共享池中并不能共享。

参考:http://www.itpub.net/thread-935634-1-1.html

rman从多份备份中还原操作

1、现象重现

RMAN> shutdown immediate

database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down

RMAN> startup

connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
database mounted
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 11/18/2011 14:40:40
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 11 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 11: '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei03.dbf'

RMAN> restore datafile 11;

Starting restore at 2011-11-18 14:41:04
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=157 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00011
input datafile copy recid=13 stamp=767543949 filename=/tmp/11.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00011: /opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei03.dbf
ORA-19505: failed to identify file "/tmp/11.dbf"
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
ORA-19600: input file is datafile-copy 13 (/tmp/11.dbf)
ORA-19601: output file is datafile 11 (/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei03.dbf)
failover to previous backup

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00011 to /opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei03.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /tmp/test_full_01mrkqdh_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/tmp/test_full_01mrkqdh_1_1 tag=TAG20111114T124433
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished restore at 2011-11-18 14:41:08

虽然整个过程datafile 11恢复成功了,但是在恢复过程中,先是去读取/tmp/11.dbf的copy文件,读取这个文件失败,然后继续使用/tmp/test_full_01mrkqdh_1_1来恢复数据文件,为什么会出现这样的情况呢?

2、原因分析

RMAN> list copy of datafile 11;


List of Datafile Copies
Key     File S Completion Time     Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Name
------- ---- - ------------------- ---------- ------------------- ----
13      11   A 2011-11-18 14:39:09 11517136   2011-11-14 12:44:33 /tmp/11.dbf
--确实存在datafile 11的copy文件/tmp/11.dbf,并且有效
--checkpoint time为:2011-11-14 12:44:33,创建时间为:2011-11-18 14:39:09

RMAN> list backup of datafile 11;


List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1       Full    9.32G      DISK        00:04:24     2011-11-14 12:48:57
        BP Key: 1   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20111114T124433
        Piece Name: /tmp/test_full_01mrkqdh_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 1
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
  11      Full 11517136   2011-11-14 12:44:33 /opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei03.dbf
--backupset中也有datafile 11
--checkpoint time为:2011-11-14 12:44:33,创建时间为:2011-11-14 12:48:57

--通过比较这两个关于datafile 11的备份时间,rman自动选择了创建时间比较新的备份恢复

RMAN> crosscheck copy of datafile 11;

released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=157 devtype=DISK
validation failed for datafile copy
datafile copy filename=/tmp/11.dbf recid=13 stamp=767543949
Crosschecked 1 objects

RMAN> list copy of datafile 11;

List of Datafile Copies
Key     File S Completion Time     Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Name
------- ---- - ------------------- ---------- ------------------- ----
13      11   X 2011-11-18 14:39:09 11517136   2011-11-14 12:44:33 /tmp/11.dbf
--通过检测发现/tmp/11.dbf是无效的,所以rman继续使用backupset进行恢复datafile 11

在有些时候,当rman对中关于一个对象的备份有多个(备份时间不一致),rman会从最新备份的开始还原,如果第一个失败,使用下一个备份,但是在有些时候可能第一个失败后,rman不自动使用下一个,这个时候的处理思路是:使用crosscheck backup/copy检测无效的备份,删除掉,继续执行