Author Archives: 惜分飞

dul恢复drop表测试

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dul对被drop对象进行恢复，需要提供两个信息
1.被删除表所属表空间(非必须)
2.被删除表结构(必须)
模拟删除表

--创建测试表
SQL> create table t_dul_drop tablespace czum
  2  as
  3  select * from dba_tables;

Table created.

--备份被删除表数据，便于比较和提供测试表结构
SQL> create table t_dul_drop_bak tablespace users
  2  as select * from t_dul_drop;

Table created.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> select count(*) from t_dul_drop;

  COUNT(*)
----------
      1785

SQL> drop table chf.t_dul_drop purge;

Table dropped.

SQL> alter system checkpoint;

System altered.

使用logminer找到data_object_id

delete from "SYS"."OBJ$" where "OBJ#" = '68474' and "DATAOBJ#" = '68474' 
and "OWNER#" = '61' and "NAME" = 'T_DUL_DROP' and "NAMESPACE" = '1' and 
"SUBNAME" IS NULL and "TYPE#" = '2' and "CTIME" = TO_DATE('04-FEB-13', 'DD-MON-RR') 
and "MTIME" = TO_DATE('04-FEB-13', 'DD-MON-RR') and "STIME" = TO_DATE('04-FEB-13', 'DD-MON-RR')
and "STATUS" = '1' and "REMOTEOWNER" IS NULL and "LINKNAME" IS NULL and "FLAGS" = '0' 
and "OID$" IS NULL and "SPARE1" = '6' and "SPARE2" = '1' and "SPARE3" = '61' and 
"SPARE4" IS NULL and "SPARE5" IS NULL and "SPARE6" IS NULL and ROWID = 'AAAAASAABAAAPzCAAV';

这里可以知道，被删除表的data_object_id为68474

DUL恢复被删除表

--dul版本
E:\dul10>dul.exe

Data UnLoader 10.2.4.37 - Oracle Internal Only - on Mon Feb 04 23:49:50 2013
with 64-bit io functions

Copyright (c) 1994 2010 Bernard van Duijnen All rights reserved.

 Strictly Oracle Internal use Only

DUL>  ALTER SESSION SET USE_SCANNED_EXTENT_MAP = TRUE;
Parameter altered

--扫描所属表空间
DUL> scan tablespace 6;
Scanning tablespace 6, data file 6 ...
  13 segment header and 331 data blocks
  tablespace 6, data file 6: 1279 blocks scanned
Reading EXT.dat 13 entries loaded and sorted 13 entries
Reading SEG.dat 13 entries loaded
Reading COMPATSEG.dat 0 entries loaded
Reading SCANNEDLOBPAGE.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries

--scan tables得到需求表(可以核对数据样例)
DUL> scan tables;
UNLOAD TABLE OBJNO68474 ( COL001 VARCHAR2(11), COL002 VARCHAR2(30), COL003 VARCHAR2(6)
        , COL004 VARCHAR2(20), COL005 VARCHAR2(30), COL006 VARCHAR2(5), COL007 NUMBER
        , COL008 NUMBER, COL009 NUMBER, COL010 NUMBER, COL011 NUMBER
        , COL012 NUMBER, COL013 NUMBER, COL014 NUMBER, COL015 CHAR
        , COL016 NUMBER, COL017 NUMBER, COL018 VARCHAR2(3), COL019 VARCHAR2(1)
        , COL020 NUMBER, COL021 NUMBER, COL022 NUMBER, COL023 NUMBER
        , COL024 NUMBER, COL025 NUMBER, COL026 NUMBER, COL027 NUMBER
        , COL028 VARCHAR2(10), COL029 VARCHAR2(10), COL030 VARCHAR2(5), COL031 VARCHAR2(7)
        , COL032 NUMBER, COL033 DATE, COL034 VARCHAR2(3), COL035 VARCHAR2(12)
        , COL036 VARCHAR2(1), COL037 VARCHAR2(1), COL038 VARCHAR2(3), COL039 VARCHAR2(7)
        , COL040 VARCHAR2(7), COL041 VARCHAR2(7), COL042 VARCHAR2(8), COL043 VARCHAR2(3)
        , COL044 VARCHAR2(2), COL045 VARCHAR2(15), COL046 VARCHAR2(8), COL047 VARCHAR2(3)
        , COL048 VARCHAR2(3), COL049 VARCHAR2(8), COL050 VARCHAR2(8), COL051 VARCHAR2(5)
        , COL052 VARCHAR2(2), COL053 VARCHAR2(2), COL054 VARCHAR2(3), COL055 VARCHAR2(7) )
    STORAGE( DATAOBJNO 68474 );

--恢复删除表(业务提供表结构)
DUL> unload table t_dul_drop(
  2  OWNER                              VARCHAR2(30),
  3  TABLE_NAME                         VARCHAR2(30),
  4  TABLESPACE_NAME                                    VARCHAR2(30),
  5  CLUSTER_NAME                                       VARCHAR2(30),
  6  IOT_NAME                                           VARCHAR2(30),
  7  STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(8) ,
  8  PCT_FREE                                           NUMBER      ,
  9  PCT_USED                                           NUMBER      ,
 10  INI_TRANS                                          NUMBER      ,
 11  MAX_TRANS                                          NUMBER      ,
 12  INITIAL_EXTENT                                     NUMBER      ,
 13  NEXT_EXTENT                                        NUMBER      ,
 14  MIN_EXTENTS                                        NUMBER      ,
 15  MAX_EXTENTS                                        NUMBER      ,
 16  PCT_INCREASE                                       NUMBER      ,
 17  FREELISTS                                          NUMBER      ,
 18  FREELIST_GROUPS                                    NUMBER      ,
 19  LOGGING                                            VARCHAR2(3) ,
 20  BACKED_UP                                          VARCHAR2(1) ,
 21  NUM_ROWS                                           NUMBER      ,
 22  BLOCKS                                             NUMBER      ,
 23  EMPTY_BLOCKS                                       NUMBER      ,
 24  AVG_SPACE                                          NUMBER      ,
 25  CHAIN_CNT                                          NUMBER      ,
 26  AVG_ROW_LEN                                        NUMBER      ,
 27  AVG_SPACE_FREELIST_BLOCKS                          NUMBER      ,
 28  NUM_FREELIST_BLOCKS                                NUMBER      ,
 29  DEGREE                                             VARCHAR2(20),
 30  INSTANCES                                          VARCHAR2(20),
 31  CACHE                                              VARCHAR2(10),
 32  TABLE_LOCK                                         VARCHAR2(8) ,
 33  SAMPLE_SIZE                                        NUMBER      ,
 34  LAST_ANALYZED                                      DATE        ,
 35  PARTITIONED                                        VARCHAR2(3) ,
 36  IOT_TYPE                                           VARCHAR2(12),
 37  TEMPORARY                                          VARCHAR2(1) ,
 38  SECONDARY                                          VARCHAR2(1) ,
 39  NESTED                                             VARCHAR2(3) ,
 40  BUFFER_POOL                                        VARCHAR2(7) ,
 41  FLASH_CACHE                                        VARCHAR2(7) ,
 42  CELL_FLASH_CACHE                                   VARCHAR2(7) ,
 43  ROW_MOVEMENT                                       VARCHAR2(8) ,
 44  GLOBAL_STATS                                       VARCHAR2(3) ,
 45  USER_STATS                                         VARCHAR2(3) ,
 46  DURATION                                           VARCHAR2(15),
 47  SKIP_CORRUPT                                       VARCHAR2(8) ,
 48  MONITORING                                         VARCHAR2(3) ,
 49  CLUSTER_OWNER                                      VARCHAR2(30),
 50  DEPENDENCIES                                       VARCHAR2(8) ,
 51  COMPRESSION                                        VARCHAR2(8) ,
 52  COMPRESS_FOR                                       VARCHAR2(12),
 53  DROPPED                                            VARCHAR2(3) ,
 54  READ_ONLY                                          VARCHAR2(3) ,
 55  SEGMENT_CREATED                                    VARCHAR2(3) ,
 56  RESULT_CACHE                                       VARCHAR2(7))
 57   STORAGE( DATAOBJNO 68474 );
. unloading table                T_DUL_DROP
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "T_DUL_DROP.ctl"
    1785 rows unloaded

模拟业务规则提供，创建表

SQL> create table t_dul_drop as select * from t_dul_drop_bak where 1=0;

Table created.

导入数据

e:\dul10>sqlldr chf/xifenfei control=T_DUL_DROP.ctl

SQL*Loader: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Mon Feb 4 23:35:57 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Commit point reached - logical record count 64
Commit point reached - logical record count 128
Commit point reached - logical record count 192
Commit point reached - logical record count 256
Commit point reached - logical record count 320
Commit point reached - logical record count 384
Commit point reached - logical record count 448
Commit point reached - logical record count 512
Commit point reached - logical record count 576
Commit point reached - logical record count 640
Commit point reached - logical record count 704
Commit point reached - logical record count 768
Commit point reached - logical record count 832
Commit point reached - logical record count 896
Commit point reached - logical record count 960
Commit point reached - logical record count 1024
Commit point reached - logical record count 1088
Commit point reached - logical record count 1152
Commit point reached - logical record count 1216
Commit point reached - logical record count 1280
Commit point reached - logical record count 1344
Commit point reached - logical record count 1408
Commit point reached - logical record count 1472
Commit point reached - logical record count 1536
Commit point reached - logical record count 1600
Commit point reached - logical record count 1664
Commit point reached - logical record count 1728
Commit point reached - logical record count 1785

恢复数据结果

SQL> select count(*) from t_dul_drop;

  COUNT(*)
----------
      1785

SQL> select owner,table_name from t_dul_drop where rownum<10;

OWNER                          TABLE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SYS                            IDL_CHAR$
SYS                            IDL_UB2$
SYS                            IDL_SB4$
SYS                            ERROR$
SYS                            SETTINGS$
SYS                            NCOMP_DLL$
SYS                            PROCEDUREJAVA$
SYS                            PROCEDUREC$
SYS                            PROCEDUREPLSQL$

9 rows selected.

dul恢复truncate表测试

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dul 恢复truncate 测试
准备dul测试

SQL> select count(*) from t_xifenfei;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     67854

SQL> desc t_xifenfei
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

 OWNER                                              VARCHAR2(30)
 OBJECT_NAME                                        VARCHAR2(128)
 SUBOBJECT_NAME                                     VARCHAR2(30)
 OBJECT_ID                                          NUMBER
 DATA_OBJECT_ID                                     NUMBER
 OBJECT_TYPE                                        VARCHAR2(19)
 CREATED                                            DATE
 LAST_DDL_TIME                                      DATE
 TIMESTAMP                                          VARCHAR2(19)
 STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(7)
 TEMPORARY                                          VARCHAR2(1)
 GENERATED                                          VARCHAR2(1)
 SECONDARY                                          VARCHAR2(1)
 NAMESPACE                                          NUMBER
 EDITION_NAME                                       VARCHAR2(30)

SQL> select object_id,data_object_id from user_objects where object_name='T_XIFENFEI';

 OBJECT_ID DATA_OBJECT_ID
---------- --------------
     68332          68332

SQL> TRUNCATE TABLE T_XIFENFEI;

Table truncated.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM CHECKPOINT;

System altered.

SQL> select object_id,data_object_id from user_objects where object_name='T_XIFE
NFEI';

 OBJECT_ID DATA_OBJECT_ID
---------- --------------
     68332          68468

SQL> SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME FROM DBA_SEGMENTS WHERE SEGMENT_NAME='T_XIFENFEI';

TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
USERS

SQL> SELECT FILE_ID FROM DBA_DATA_FILES WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME='USERS';

   FILE_ID
----------
         4


SQL> SELECT file#,RFILE#,NAME FROM V$DATAFILE;

     FILE#     RFILE# NAME
---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------
         1          1 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XIFENFEI\SYSTEM01.DBF
         2          2 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XIFENFEI\SYSAUX01.DBF
         3          3 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XIFENFEI\UNDOTBS01.DBF
         4          4 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XIFENFEI\USERS01.DBF
         5          5 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XIFENFEI\UNDO01.DBF
         6          6 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XIFENFEI\CZUM01.DBF

6 rows selected.

备注说明：因为我们为了测试，所以直接查询出来了data_object_id，在实际的恢复中，我们需要使用logminer来找出来历史dataobj#

dul恢复truncate 表

e:\dul10>dul.exe

Data UnLoader 10.2.4.37 - Oracle Internal Only - on Mon Feb 04 00:20:08 2013
with 64-bit io functions

Copyright (c) 1994 2010 Bernard van Duijnen All rights reserved.

 Strictly Oracle Internal use Only



DUL: Warning: Recreating file "dul.log"
Reading USER.dat 65 entries loaded
Reading OBJ.dat 67944 entries loaded and sorted 67944 entries
Reading SCANNEDLOBPAGE.dat 8 entries loaded and sorted 8 entries
Reading TAB.dat 1869 entries loaded
Reading COL.dat 77409 entries loaded and sorted 77409 entries
Reading SEG.dat 23 entries loaded
Reading EXT.dat 54 entries loaded and sorted 54 entries
Reading TABPART.dat 110 entries loaded and sorted 110 entries
Reading TABCOMPART.dat 1 entries loaded and sorted 1 entries
Reading TABSUBPART.dat 32 entries loaded and sorted 32 entries
Reading INDPART.dat 127 entries loaded and sorted 127 entries
Reading INDCOMPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries
Reading INDSUBPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries
Reading IND.dat 3729 entries loaded
Reading LOB.dat
DUL: Warning: Increased the size of DC_LOBS from 1024 to 8192 entries
 1109 entries loaded
Reading ICOL.dat 4868 entries loaded
Reading COLTYPE.dat 2823 entries loaded
Reading TYPE.dat 2082 entries loaded
Reading ATTRIBUTE.dat 8736 entries loaded
Reading COLLECTION.dat 591 entries loaded
Reading COMPATSEG.dat 0 entries loaded
Reading BOOTSTRAP.dat 60 entries loaded
Reading LOBFRAG.dat 1 entries loaded and sorted 1 entries
Reading LOBCOMPPART.dat 0 entries loaded and sorted 0 entries
Reading UNDO.dat 24 entries loaded
Reading TS.dat 7 entries loaded
Reading PROPS.dat 36 entries loaded
Database character set is ZHS16GBK
Database national character set is AL16UTF16
Found db_id = 1422012639
Found db_name = XIFENFEI

DUL> SCAN DATAFILE 4;

DUL: Warning: Recreating file "EXT.dat"
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "SEG.dat"
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "COMPATSEG.dat"
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "SCANNEDLOBPAGE.dat"
Scanning tablespace 4, data file 4 ...
  23 segment header and 1601 data blocks
  tablespace 4, data file 4: 2079 blocks scanned
Reading EXT.dat 54 entries loaded and sorted 54 entries
Reading SEG.dat 23 entries loaded
Reading COMPATSEG.dat 0 entries loaded
Reading SCANNEDLOBPAGE.dat 8 entries loaded and sorted 8 entries

DUL>  ALTER SESSION SET USE_SCANNED_EXTENT_MAP = TRUE;
Parameter altered
DUL> scan extents;

DUL: Warning: Recreating file "seen_tab.dat"
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "seen_col.dat"
Scanning extents without segment header

Scanning extent id (dba 0, obj 68332)

Analyzing segment: data object id 68332
  heap organized table
Col    Seen  Max PCT  PRINT  NUMBERS DATES TIMESTAMP WITH TZ INTRVAL  ROWIDS LOB

 no   count Size NUL 75%100% AnyNice AnyNice AnyNice AnyNice Y2M D2S AnyNice
  1   67854   18   0 100 100   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0  44   0   0

…………
 14   67854    2   0   0   0 100 100   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

|SYS| |C_FILE#_BLOCK#| || |8| |8| |CLUSTER| |20-JAN-2013 AD 17:13:18| |20-JAN-20
…………
:18| |2013-01-20:17:13:18| |VALID| |N| |N| |N| |1|

UNLOAD TABLE OBJNO68332 ( COL001 VARCHAR2(18), COL002 VARCHAR2(30), COL003 VARCH
AR2(27)
        , COL004 NUMBER, COL005 NUMBER, COL006 VARCHAR2(18), COL007 DATE
        , COL008 DATE, COL009 VARCHAR2(19), COL010 VARCHAR2(7), COL011 VARCHAR2(
1)
        , COL012 VARCHAR2(1), COL013 VARCHAR2(1), COL014 NUMBER )
    STORAGE( DATAOBJNO 68332 );

--自己拼接语句
DUL> UNLOAD TABLE t_xifenfei_1(OWNER VARCHAR2(30),OBJECT_NAME  VARCHAR2(128),SUB
OBJECT_NAME    VARCHAR2(30),OBJECT_ID  NUMBER,DATA_OBJECT_ID    NUMBER,OBJECT_TY
PE  VARCHAR2(19),CREATED    DATE,LAST_DDL_TIME DATE,TIMESTAMP    VARCHAR2(19),ST
ATUS VARCHAR2(7),TEMPORARY    VARCHAR2(1),GENERATED    VARCHAR2(1),SECONDARY
VARCHAR2(1),NAMESPACE    NUMBER,EDITION_NAME VARCHAR2(30))  STORAGE( DATAOBJNO 6
8332 );
. unloading table              T_XIFENFEI_1
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "T_XIFENFEI_1.ctl"
   67854 rows unloaded

补充说明：
1.在最新的dul 10.2.0.5.20中，不支持scan extents命令
2.在最新的dul 10.2.0.5.20中，挖出来的无数据字典数据，字符串转换为16进制值

table中各种类型block坏块是否能被跳过

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在table遇到的各种坏块中，大部分情况，我们都可以通过设置event 10231或者dbms_repair来跳过坏块，抢救其他数据；但是在部分情况下，我们设置了他们依然不能跳过坏块，数据库依然报ORA-01578,本文测试了table中各种类型的block，证明在哪些blog出现异常之后不能被跳过.
如果是事务数据块出现坏块可以通过dbms_repair.skip_corrupt_blocks来标记坏块(也可以使用event 10231)来实现；对于BITMAP BLOCK如果出现坏块不会对于读取数据无影响(至于其他操作,请见后续blog)；SEGMENT HEADER如果出现坏块，无法通过跳过坏块来实现获取其他数据(正常block)
创建测试表

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
CORE    11.2.0.3.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production

SQL> create table t_xifenfei 
  2  tablespace users 
  3  as
  4  select * from dba_objects;

Table created.

SQL>  select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     74663

查询相关block信息

SQL> select SEGMENT_NAME,HEADER_FILE,HEADER_BLOCK,blocks,extents from DBA_SEGMENTS 
  2  WHERE OWNER='CHF' AND SEGMENT_NAME='T_XIFENFEI';

SEGMENT_NAME    HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK     BLOCKS    EXTENTS
--------------- ----------- ------------ ---------- ----------
T_XIFENFEI                4          378       1152         24

SQL>   select   
  2    dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid)rel_fno,
  3    max(dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid)) max_block,
  4    min(dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid)) min_block
  5    from chf.t_xifenfei 
  6    group by dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid);

   REL_FNO  MAX_BLOCK  MIN_BLOCK
---------- ---------- ----------
         4       1728        379

SQL> select EXTENT_ID,FILE_ID,BLOCK_ID,blocks from dba_extents where owner='CHF'
   2  AND SEGMENT_NAME='T_XIFENFEI';

 EXTENT_ID    FILE_ID   BLOCK_ID     BLOCKS
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
         0          4        376          8
         1          4        640          8
         2          4        648          8
         3          4        656          8
         4          4        664          8
         5          4        672          8
         6          4        680          8
         7          4        688          8
         8          4        696          8
         9          4        704          8
        10          4        712          8
        11          4        720          8
        12          4        728          8
        13          4        736          8
        14          4        744          8
        15          4        752          8
        16          4        768        128
        17          4        896        128
        18          4       1024        128
        19          4       1152        128
        20          4       1280        128
        21          4       1408        128
        22          4       1536        128
        23          4       1664        128

通过这里可以知道:真正的存储数据是从block 379开始,至于block 376、377、378是什么，使用dump block分析

验证block类型

SQL> alter system dump datafile 4 block 376;

System altered.

SQL> alter system dump datafile 4 block 377;

System altered.

SQL> alter system dump datafile 4 block 378;

System altered.

SQL> alter system dump datafile 4 block 379;

System altered.

--该block是另外extent的开始，所以也尝试分析是否有特殊之处
SQL> alter system dump datafile 4 block 640;

System altered.

--dump 文件header信息
Start dump data blocks tsn: 4 file#:4 minblk 376 maxblk 376
Block dump from cache:
Dump of buffer cache at level 4 for tsn=4 rdba=16777592
Block dump from disk:
buffer tsn: 4 rdba: 0x01000178 (4/376)
scn: 0x0b8c.3bfc6517 seq: 0x04 flg: 0x04 tail: 0x65172004
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0xc8b3 type: 0x20=FIRST LEVEL BITMAP BLOCK


Start dump data blocks tsn: 4 file#:4 minblk 377 maxblk 377
Block dump from cache:
Dump of buffer cache at level 4 for tsn=4 rdba=16777593
Block dump from disk:
buffer tsn: 4 rdba: 0x01000179 (4/377)
scn: 0x0b8c.3bfc6517 seq: 0x18 flg: 0x04 tail: 0x65172118
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0x9e8c type: 0x21=SECOND LEVEL BITMAP BLOCK


Start dump data blocks tsn: 4 file#:4 minblk 378 maxblk 378
Block dump from cache:
Dump of buffer cache at level 4 for tsn=4 rdba=16777594
BH (0x2a7f7f0c) file#: 4 rdba: 0x0100017a (4/378) class: 4 ba: 0x2a742000
  set: 5 pool: 3 bsz: 8192 bsi: 0 sflg: 1 pwc: 0,0
  dbwrid: 0 obj: 76372 objn: 76372 tsn: 4 afn: 4 hint: f
  hash: [0x3150a748,0x3150a748] lru: [0x2a7f8094,0x2a7f7ee4]
  lru-flags: hot_buffer
  ckptq: [NULL] fileq: [NULL] objq: [0x2f72dc34,0x2f72dc34] objaq: [0x2f72dc2c,0x2f72dc2c]
  st: XCURRENT md: NULL fpin: 'ktewh25: kteinicnt' tch: 1
  flags:
  LRBA: [0x0.0.0] LSCN: [0x0.0] HSCN: [0xffff.ffffffff] HSUB: [65535]
Block dump from disk:
buffer tsn: 4 rdba: 0x0100017a (4/378)
scn: 0x0b8c.3bfc651b seq: 0x01 flg: 0x04 tail: 0x651b2301
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0xb2ae type: 0x23=PAGETABLE SEGMENT HEADER

Start dump data blocks tsn: 4 file#:4 minblk 379 maxblk 379
Block dump from cache:
Dump of buffer cache at level 4 for tsn=4 rdba=16777595
Block dump from disk:
buffer tsn: 4 rdba: 0x0100017b (4/379)
scn: 0x0b8c.3bfc6494 seq: 0x01 flg: 0x04 tail: 0x64940601
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0x0567 type: 0x06=trans data

Start dump data blocks tsn: 4 file#:4 minblk 640 maxblk 640
Block dump from cache:
Dump of buffer cache at level 4 for tsn=4 rdba=16777856
Block dump from disk:
buffer tsn: 4 rdba: 0x01000280 (4/640)
scn: 0x0b8c.3bfc6496 seq: 0x01 flg: 0x04 tail: 0x64960601
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0x0efe type: 0x06=trans data

这里可以知道：
1.block 376、377为BITMAP BLOCK
2.block 378为SEGMENT HEADER(和dba_segments视图中一致)
3.除extent 0中有特殊(含BITMAP BLOCK和SEGMENT HEADER)block，其他extent只包含事务数据

测试block 640

--block 640包含条数
SQL> select   count(rowid)
  2    from chf.t_xifenfei 
  3     where dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid)=640
  4  and dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid)=4;

COUNT(ROWID)
------------
          79

--bbed修改tailchk
BBED> set filename '/u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf'
        FILENAME        /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf

BBED> set block 640
        BLOCK#          640

BBED> set mode edit
        MODE            Edit

BBED> p tailchk
ub4 tailchk                                 @8188     0x64960601

BBED> m /x 64960602
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y
 File: /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf (0)
 Block: 640              Offsets: 8188 to 8191           Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 64960602 

 <32 bytes per line>

BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 0, Block 640:
current = 0xf80b, required = 0xf80b

BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
BLOCK = 640

Block 640 is corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01000280 (file 0, block 640)
Fractured block found during verification
Data in bad block:
 type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01000280
 last change scn: 0x0b8c.3bfc6496 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04
 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
 consistency value in tail: 0x02069664
 check value in block header: 0xf80b
 computed block checksum: 0x0


DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined         : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty            : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 1
Total Blocks Influx           : 2
Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

--查询坏块
SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;
select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei
                         *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 4, block # 640)
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf'

--跳过坏块
SQL> exec dbms_repair.skip_corrupt_blocks('CHF','T_XIFENFEI');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL>  select skip_corrupt from dba_tables where table_name='T_XIFENFEI' AND OWNER='CHF';

SKIP_COR
--------
ENABLED

SQL>  select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     74584

--修复坏块
BBED> m /x 01069664
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y
 File: /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf (0)
 Block: 640              Offsets: 8188 to 8191           Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 01069664 

 <32 bytes per line>

BBED> p tailchk
ub4 tailchk                                 @8188     0x64960601

BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 0, Block 640:
current = 0x0efe, required = 0x0efe

BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
BLOCK = 640


DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined         : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1
Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty            : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 0
Total Blocks Influx           : 0
Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

--除掉标记表坏块
SQL> BEGIN
  2  DBMS_REPAIR.SKIP_CORRUPT_BLOCKS (
  3  SCHEMA_NAME => 'CHF',
  4  OBJECT_NAME => 'T_XIFENFEI',
  5  OBJECT_TYPE => dbms_repair.table_object,
  6  FLAGS => dbms_repair.NOSKIP_FLAG);
  7  END;
  8  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select skip_corrupt from dba_tables where table_name='T_XIFENFEI' AND OWNER='CHF';

SKIP_COR
--------
DISABLED

--查询表记录正常
SQL>  select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     74663

在后续的操作中，也是按照类似步骤操作，考虑到篇幅有限，部分过程不再贴出来

测试block 379

SQL>  select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;
 select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei
                          *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 4, block # 379)
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf'


SQL> exec dbms_repair.skip_corrupt_blocks('CHF','T_XIFENFEI');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     74575

测试block 378

BBED> set block 378
        BLOCK#          378

--segment header 不支持bbed查看结构
BBED> p tailchk
BBED-00400: invalid blocktype (35)

BBED> map
 File: /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf (0)
 Block: 378                                   Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------
BBED-00400: invalid blocktype (35)


BBED> set offset 8188
        OFFSET          8188

BBED> d
 File: /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf (0)
 Block: 378              Offsets: 8188 to 8191           Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 01231b65 

 <32 bytes per line>

BBED> m /x 651b2302
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y
 File: /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf (0)
 Block: 378              Offsets: 8188 to 8191           Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 651b2302 

 <32 bytes per line>

BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 0, Block 378:
current = 0xedf2, required = 0xedf2

--验证坏块
BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
BLOCK = 378

Block 378 is corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0100017a (file 0, block 378)
Fractured block found during verification
Data in bad block:
 type: 35 format: 2 rdba: 0x0100017a
 last change scn: 0x0b8c.3bfc651b seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04
 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
 consistency value in tail: 0x02231b65
 check value in block header: 0xedf2
 computed block checksum: 0x0


DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined         : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty            : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 1
Total Blocks Influx           : 2
Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED


SQL>  select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;
 select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei
                          *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 4, block # 378)
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf'

--标记跳过坏块
SQL> exec dbms_repair.skip_corrupt_blocks('CHF','T_XIFENFEI');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

--查询依然失败
SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;
select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei
                         *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 4, block # 378)
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf'

测试block 377

BBED> m /x 18211766
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y
 File: /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf (0)
 Block: 377              Offsets: 8188 to 8191           Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 18211766 

 <32 bytes per line>

BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 0, Block 377:
current = 0x9d8c, required = 0x9d8c

--bbed验证为坏块
BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
BLOCK = 377

Block 377 is corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01000179 (file 0, block 377)
Fractured block found during verification
Data in bad block:
 type: 33 format: 2 rdba: 0x01000179
 last change scn: 0x0b8c.3bfc6517 seq: 0x18 flg: 0x04
 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
 consistency value in tail: 0x66172118
 check value in block header: 0x9d8c
 computed block checksum: 0x0


DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined         : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty            : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 1
Total Blocks Influx           : 2
Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

--dbv验证为坏块
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ dbv file=/u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf

DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Jan 18 03:32:18 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
Page 377 is influx - most likely media corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01000179 (file 4, block 377)
Fractured block found during dbv: 
Data in bad block:
 type: 33 format: 2 rdba: 0x01000179
 last change scn: 0x0b8c.3bfc6517 seq: 0x18 flg: 0x04
 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
 consistency value in tail: 0x66172118
 check value in block header: 0x9d8c
 computed block checksum: 0x0



DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Pages Examined         : 2560
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 1434
Total Pages Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 10
Total Pages Failing   (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 213
Total Pages Processed (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Failing   (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Empty            : 902
Total Pages Marked Corrupt   : 1
Total Pages Influx           : 1
Total Pages Encrypted        : 0
Highest block SCN            : 1006486374 (2956.1006486374)

--查询表记录
SQL> select skip_corrupt from dba_tables where table_name='T_XIFENFEI' AND OWNER='CHF';

SKIP_COR
--------
DISABLED

SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     74663

测试block 376

BBED> m /x 04201766
 File: /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf (0)
 Block: 376              Offsets: 8188 to 8191           Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 04201766 

 <32 bytes per line>

BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 0, Block 376:
current = 0xcbb3, required = 0xcbb3

BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
BLOCK = 376

Block 376 is corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01000178 (file 0, block 376)
Fractured block found during verification
Data in bad block:
 type: 32 format: 2 rdba: 0x01000178
 last change scn: 0x0b8c.3bfc6517 seq: 0x4 flg: 0x04
 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
 consistency value in tail: 0x66172004
 check value in block header: 0xcbb3
 computed block checksum: 0x0


DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined         : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty            : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 1
Total Blocks Influx           : 2
Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

SQL>  select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     74663

通过测试证明，如果是事务数据块出现坏块可以通过dbms_repair.skip_corrupt_blocks来标记坏块(也可以使用event 10231)来实现；对于BITMAP BLOCK如果出现坏块不会对于读取数据无影响(至于其他操作,请见table中各种坏块对select/dml操作影响)；SEGMENT HEADER如果出现坏块，无法通过跳过坏块来实现获取其他数据(正常block)

操作系统级别做systemstate

Posted on by

在有些时候，我们需要通过systemstate或者hanganalyze来收集数据库hang信息，但是当我们的数据库不能登录的时候，无法通过常规手段来使用该方法来收集信息。ORACLE的开发者也考虑到了类似情况，让我们可以通过dbx或者gdb来收集数据库信息.这里我通过在linux平台上模拟一个新会话，然后通过gdb直接对该会话进行做systemstate,然后操作该会话(证明gdb操作后正常),来实现类似系统hang住，无法登陆的时候怎么做systemstate.
模拟会话
就是假设我们hang住的系统中的数据库进程(为了后面gdb和验证对会话影响而使用,不然可以直接使用oracle 后台进程来完成该操作)

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Jan 17 18:28:30 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

查找数据库进程
在另外一个shell窗口找出数据库进程

[root@xifenfei trace]# ps -ef|grep LOCAL
oracle    7476  7473  0 18:28 ?        00:00:00 oracleora11g (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
root      7487  7326  0 18:28 pts/2    00:00:00 grep LOCAL

gdb做systemstate

[oracle@xifenfei trace]$ gdb $ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle 7476
GNU gdb (GDB) Red Hat Enterprise Linux (7.0.1-37.el5)
Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i386-redhat-linux-gnu".
…………
Reading symbols from /u01/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnque11.so...
Loaded symbols for /u01/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnque11.so
0xb789c424 in __kernel_vsyscall ()
(gdb)  print ksudss(10)  <--输入print ksudss(10)
$1 = 0
(gdb) quit
A debugging session is active.

        Inferior 1 [process 7476] will be detached.

Quit anyway? (y or n) y
Detaching from program: /u01/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle, process 7476

查看trace文件

[oracle@xifenfei trace]$ ls -l *7476*.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 742438 Jan 17 18:28 ora11g_ora_7476.trc
[oracle@xifenfei trace]$ more ora11g_ora_7476.trc
Trace file /u01/oracle/diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g/trace/ora11g_ora_7476.trc
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
System name:    Linux
Node name:      xifenfei
Release:        2.6.32-200.13.1.el5uek
Version:        #1 SMP Wed Jul 27 20:21:26 EDT 2011
Machine:        i686
VM name:        VMWare Version: 6
Instance name: ora11g
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
Oracle process number: 21
Unix process pid: 7476, image: oracle@xifenfei (TNS V1-V3)


*** 2013-01-17 18:28:59.225
*** SESSION ID:(143.23) 2013-01-17 18:28:59.225
*** CLIENT ID:() 2013-01-17 18:28:59.225
*** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$USERS) 2013-01-17 18:28:59.225
*** MODULE NAME:(sqlplus@xifenfei (TNS V1-V3)) 2013-01-17 18:28:59.225
*** ACTION NAME:() 2013-01-17 18:28:59.225
 
===================================================
SYSTEM STATE (level=10)  <---systemstate levle 10
------------
System global information:
     processes: base 0x32bc5b38, size 150, cleanup 0x32bd5990
     allocation: free sessions 0x32085b84, free calls (nil)
     control alloc errors: 0 (process), 0 (session), 0 (call)
     PMON latch cleanup depth: 0
     seconds since PMON's last scan for dead processes: 693
     system statistics:

这里证明使用gdb–>print ksudss(10)对数据库做的是systemstate level 10

验证做gdb的进程

SQL> select * from dual;

D
-
X

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

证明被gdb处理过的进程还是正常(未收到额外破坏),所以我们可以确定在系统hang住，而且新会话不能正常建立连接的时候，我们可以尝试着使用ksudss(10)来对系统做systemstate然后分析

aix中procmap 查看oracle进程占用系统内存

Posted on by

procmap是用来显示进程地址空间，通过这个命令找出来的“read/write”表示为进程的私有内存,如果对应到oracle 进程的LOCAL中来,也就是对应了是oracle 会话进程占用的操作系统内存,和sga与pga无关，即ORACLE数据库进程占用的额外的系统内存,在计算oracle数据库消耗内存的时候，要考虑sga+pga+process占用的内存
procmap命令使用

$procmap 7931354
7931354 : oracleccicdx (LOCAL=NO) 
100000000            95504K  read/exec         oracle
110000035             2399K  read/write        oracle
9fffffff0000000         51K  read/exec         /usr/ccs/bin/usla64
9fffffff000cfe2          0K  read/write        /usr/ccs/bin/usla64
900000000b05930          2K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libC.a[shr3_64.o]
9001000a0122930          0K  read/write        /usr/lib/libC.a[shr3_64.o]
900000000ae6b00        118K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libC.a[shrcore_64.o]
9001000a030a100         12K  read/write        /usr/lib/libC.a[shrcore_64.o]
900000000ac8000        118K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libC.a[ansicore_64.o]
9001000a0300e00         36K  read/write        /usr/lib/libC.a[ansicore_64.o]
900000000411468          0K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libicudata.a[shr_64.o]
9001000a0121468          0K  read/write        /usr/lib/libicudata.a[shr_64.o]
90000000040f738          2K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libC.a[shr2_64.o]
9001000a0314738          0K  read/write        /usr/lib/libC.a[shr2_64.o]
9000000008dd800       1699K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libC.a[ansi_64.o]
9001000a0315a00        277K  read/write        /usr/lib/libC.a[ansi_64.o]
9000000008bab00        135K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libC.a[shr_64.o]
9001000a030eb00         19K  read/write        /usr/lib/libC.a[shr_64.o]
900000000708180       1732K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libicuuc.a[shr_64.o]
9001000a035cdac        180K  read/write        /usr/lib/libicuuc.a[shr_64.o]
900000000493d80       2510K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libicui18n.a[shr_64.o]
9001000a038a148        270K  read/write        /usr/lib/libicui18n.a[shr_64.o]
900000000473200         91K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libsrc.a[shr_64.o]
9001000a01127a8         55K  read/write        /usr/lib/libsrc.a[shr_64.o]
90000000045a300         98K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libcorcfg.a[shr_64.o]
9001000a04147c8         18K  read/write        /usr/lib/libcorcfg.a[shr_64.o]
900000000b16200        750K  read/exec         /usr/lib/liblvm.a[shr_64.o]
9001000a03dd028        219K  read/write        /usr/lib/liblvm.a[shr_64.o]
900000000444f00         82K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libcfg.a[shr_64.o]
9001000a03d58f0         26K  read/write        /usr/lib/libcfg.a[shr_64.o]
90000000040e3a0          2K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libcrypt.a[shr_64.o]
9001000a0106948          0K  read/write        /usr/lib/libcrypt.a[shr_64.o]
90000001615d860          5K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libc.a[aio_64.o]
9001000a3aed568          0K  read/write        /usr/lib/libc.a[aio_64.o]
9000000003efc00        120K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libodm.a[shr_64.o]
9001000a0107cc8         40K  read/write        /usr/lib/libodm.a[shr_64.o]
900000000bd2c80        147K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libperfstat.a[shr_64.o]
9001000a041a960         14K  read/write        /usr/lib/libperfstat.a[shr_64.o]
9000000017d7000          0K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libdl.a[shr_64.o]
9001000a0517000          0K  read/write        /usr/lib/libdl.a[shr_64.o]
9000000158ed100       8636K  read/exec         /oracle/product/db10gr2/lib/libjox10.a[shr.o]
8001000a0000b78        587K  read/write        /oracle/product/db10gr2/lib/libjox10.a[shr.o]
900000000a87000        257K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libpthreads.a[shr_xpg5_64.o]
9001000a0274000        559K  read/write        /usr/lib/libpthreads.a[shr_xpg5_64.o]
900000000000800       4025K  read/exec         /usr/lib/libc.a[shr_64.o]
9001000a0000020       1047K  read/write        /usr/lib/libc.a[shr_64.o]
         Total      121863K

简化命令，统计私有内存,procmap 7931354|grep “read/write” |awk -F ” ” ‘{print $2}’,通过相关计算的出来,在当前的操作系统和数据库版本中，一个LOCAL=NO进程占用系统内存为:5758KB

补充说明
1.操作系统版本

$oslevel -r
6100-06

2.数据库版本

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE    10.2.0.4.0      Production
TNS for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Productio
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production

3.通过跟踪多个LOCAL=NO进程,发现类似进程占用的系统内存相同,估算给系统oracle进程占用的内存，可以通过该值进行大概估算
4.确认ORACLE使用的内存量不是以往认识的sga+pga，实际上应该是sga+pga+所有oracle进程占用
5.在linux中使用pmap来查看