bbed_wrap脚本获取数据块内容

Posted on 2012 年 09 月 19 日 by 惜分飞

bbed的功能很强大,可以通过bbed_wrap来获得数据块记录,相当用途:抢救坏块中的数据
环境准备

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Jan 12 18:29:50 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> conn chf/xifenfei
Connected.
SQL> create table t_xifenfei 
  2  as
  3  select object_id,object_name from dba_objects where rownum<20;

Table created.

SQL>  select file_id,block_id,block_id+blocks-1 
  2          from dba_extents 
  3   where segment_name ='T_XIFENFEI' AND owner='CHF';

   FILE_ID   BLOCK_ID BLOCK_ID+BLOCKS-1
---------- ---------- -----------------
         4        680               687

SQL> alter system checkpoint;

System altered.

--查询记录
SQL> col object_name for a20
SQL> select   object_id,object_name,
  2  dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid)rel_fno,
  3  dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid)blockno,
  4  dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) rowno
  5  from chf.t_xifenfei;

 OBJECT_ID OBJECT_NAME             REL_FNO    BLOCKNO      ROWNO
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
        20 ICOL$                         4        683          0
        46 I_USER1                       4        683          1
        28 CON$                          4        683          2
        15 UNDO$                         4        683          3
        29 C_COBJ#                       4        683          4
         3 I_OBJ#                        4        683          5
        25 PROXY_ROLE_DATA$              4        683          6
        41 I_IND1                        4        683          7
        54 I_CDEF2                       4        683          8
        40 I_OBJ5                        4        683          9
        26 I_PROXY_ROLE_DATA$_1          4        683         10
        17 FILE$                         4        683         11
        13 UET$                          4        683         12
         9 I_FILE#_BLOCK#                4        683         13
        43 I_FILE1                       4        683         14
        51 I_CON1                        4        683         15
        38 I_OBJ3                        4        683         16
         7 I_TS#                         4        683         17
        56 I_CDEF4                       4        683         18

19 rows selected.

bbed参数配置

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ more bbed_file
         1 /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/system01.dbf
         2 /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/sysaux01.dbf
         3 /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/undotbs01.dbf
         4 /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
         5 /u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/dbfs01.dbf

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ more bbed.par
blocksize=8192
listfile=/home/oracle/bbed_file
mode=browse
SILENT=yes
PASSWORD=blockedit

bbed_wrap脚本执行

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ ./bbed_wrap.sh 4 683 "/rn2cntn"
There are 19 rows in block 683 on file 4
" 20 "," ICOL$"
" 46 "," I_USER1"
" 28 "," CON$"
" 15 "," UNDO$"
" 29 "," C_COBJ#"
" 3 "," I_OBJ#"
" 25 "," PROXY_ROLE_DATA$"
" 41 "," I_IND1"
" 54 "," I_CDEF2"
" 40 "," I_OBJ5"
" 26 "," I_PROXY_ROLE_DATA$_1"
" 17 "," FILE$"
" 13 "," UET$"
" 9 "," I_FILE#_BLOCK#"
" 43 "," I_FILE1"
" 51 "," I_CON1"
" 38 "," I_OBJ3"
" 7 "," I_TS#"
" 56 "," I_CDEF4"
--和我们查询的结果完全一致

创建DBFS

Posted on 2012 年 09 月 17 日 by 惜分飞

DBFS(Oracle Database File System)就是Oracle数据库11gR2中提供的能够在Linux和Solaris操作系统中将Oracle数据库当成文件系统来使用的功能.在DBFS内部,文件是以SecureFiles LOBs（对比与以前的BasicFiles LOBs）的形式存储在数据表中.这个功能第一个是存储图片或者文档,第二个功能就是在RAC或者XD中部署OGG是一个不错的选择.
安装fuse相关包

[root@xifenfei ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /media
mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@xifenfei ~]# cd /media/Server
[root@xifenfei Server]# ls fuse*
fuse-2.7.4-8.0.1.el5.x86_64.rpm      fuse-devel-2.7.4-8.0.1.el5.x86_64.rpm  fuse-libs-2.7.4-8.0.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
fuse-devel-2.7.4-8.0.1.el5.i386.rpm  fuse-libs-2.7.4-8.0.1.el5.i386.rpm
[root@xifenfei Server]# rpm -ivh fuse-libs-2.7.4-8.0.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
warning: fuse-libs-2.7.4-8.0.1.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:fuse-libs              ########################################### [100%]
[root@xifenfei Server]# rpm -ivh  fuse-devel-2.7.4-8.0.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
warning: fuse-devel-2.7.4-8.0.1.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:fuse-devel             ########################################### [100%]

[root@xifenfei Server]# rpm -ivh  fuse-2.7.4-8.0.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
warning: fuse-devel-2.7.4-8.0.1.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:fuse                   ########################################### [100%]

系统配置

[root@xifenfei Server]# cd /
[root@xifenfei /]# mkdir dbfs
[root@xifenfei /]# chown ora11g:oinstall dbfs
[root@xifenfei /]# ls -l|grep dbfs
drwxr-xr-x   2 ora11g oinstall  4096 Sep  1 16:41 dbfs
[root@xifenfei /]# echo "/usr/local/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/usr_local_lib.conf
[root@xifenfei /]# export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle11
[root@xifenfei /]# ln -s $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1 /usr/local/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
[root@xifenfei /]# ln -s $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libnnz11.so /usr/local/lib/libnnz11.so
[root@xifenfei /]# ln -s /lib64/libfuse.so.2 /usr/local/lib/libfuse.so.2
[root@xifenfei /]# cd /usr/local/lib
[root@xifenfei lib]# ls -l
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 35 Sep  1 16:45 libclntsh.so.11.1 -> /u01/oracle11/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Sep  1 16:46 libfuse.so.2 -> /lib64/libfuse.so.2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Sep  1 16:46 libnnz11.so -> /u01/oracle11/lib/libnnz11.so
[root@xifenfei lib]# ldconfig
[root@xifenfei lib]# chmod +x /usr/bin/fusermount
[root@xifenfei lib]# ls -l /usr/bin/fusermount
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Sep  1 16:37 /usr/bin/fusermount -> /bin/fusermount
[root@xifenfei lib]#  ls -l /bin/fusermount
-rwsr-x--x 1 root fuse 23544 Oct 18  2011 /bin/fusermount

相关表空间/用户配置

SQL> create tablespace dbfs_ts 
  2  datafile '/u01/oradata/ora11g/xifenfei01.dbf' 
  3  size 20m autoextend on next 10m maxsize 30g;

Tablespace created.

SQL> create user dbfs  identified by dbfs
  2   default tablespace dbfs_ts
  3   quota unlimited on dbfs_ts;

User created.

SQL> grant create session, resource, create view, dbfs_role to dbfs ;

Grant succeeded.

创建filesystem

[ora11g@xifenfei admin]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
[ora11g@xifenfei admin]$ sqlplus dbfs/dbfs@ora11g

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sat Sep 1 16:43:04 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> @dbfs_create_filesystem.sql dbfs_ts my_dbfs
No errors.
--------
CREATE STORE:
begin dbms_dbfs_sfs.createFilesystem(store_name => 'FS_MY_DBFS', tbl_name =>
'T_MY_DBFS', tbl_tbs => 'dbfs_ts', lob_tbs => 'dbfs_ts', do_partition => false,
partition_key => 1, do_compress => false, compression => '', do_dedup => false,
do_encrypt => false); end;
--------
REGISTER STORE:
begin dbms_dbfs_content.registerStore(store_name=> 'FS_MY_DBFS', provider_name
=> 'sample1', provider_package => 'dbms_dbfs_sfs'); end;
--------
MOUNT STORE:
begin dbms_dbfs_content.mountStore(store_name=>'FS_MY_DBFS',
store_mount=>'my_dbfs'); end;
--------
CHMOD STORE:
declare m integer; begin m := dbms_fuse.fs_chmod('/my_dbfs', 16895); end;
No errors.

挂载dbfs

[ora11g@xifenfei ~]$ more /home/ora11g/xifenfei_pwd 
dbfs
[ora11g@xifenfei ~]$ nohup dbfs_client dbfs@ora11g /dbfs <xifenfei_pwd &
[1] 3694
[ora11g@xifenfei ~]$ df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                      3.9G  3.2G  462M  88% /
/dev/sda1              99M   24M   71M  25% /boot
tmpfs                1002M  184M  818M  19% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1              20G  8.9G  9.9G  48% /u01
df: `/dbfs': Resource temporarily unavailable

查询mos发现 OS 2.6.32-100.26.2.el5 to: 2.6.32-300.10.1.el5uek (Linux UEK Kernel)会出现该问题,解决方法是升级Kernel或者不使用UEK

[ora11g@xifenfei ~]$ uname -a
Linux xifenfei 2.6.32-300.10.1.el5uek #1 SMP Wed Feb 22 17:37:40 EST 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

不幸刚好中招,现在升级是不太可能的事情,只能使用其他kernel来启动系统(下图选择第二个)

重新挂载dbfs并且测试

[ora11g@xifenfei ~]$ uname -a
Linux xifenfei 2.6.18-308.el5 #1 SMP Sat Feb 25 12:40:07 EST 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[ora11g@xifenfei ~]$ nohup dbfs_client dbfs@ora11g /dbfs <xifenfei_pwd &
[1] 3694
[ora11g@xifenfei ~]$ nohup: appending output to `nohup.out'
[ora11g@xifenfei ~]$ df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                      3.9G  3.2G  462M  88% /
/dev/sda1              99M   24M   71M  25% /boot
tmpfs                1006M  184M  822M  19% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1              20G  8.9G  9.9G  48% /u01
dbfs-dbfs@ora11g:/     19M  120K   19M   1% /dbfs
[ora11g@xifenfei ~]$ cd /dbfs
[ora11g@xifenfei dbfs]$ ls
my_dbfs
[ora11g@xifenfei dbfs]$ cd my_dbfs/
[ora11g@xifenfei my_dbfs]$ ls
[ora11g@xifenfei my_dbfs]$ cat /etc/passwd>xifenfei.chf
[ora11g@xifenfei my_dbfs]$ ll
total 2
-rw-r--r-- 1 ora11g oinstall 1736 Sep  1 21:05 xifenfei.chf

卸载dbfs

[ora11g@xifenfei ~]$ fusermount -u /dbfs
[ora11g@xifenfei ~]$ df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                      3.9G  3.2G  462M  88% /
/dev/sda1              99M   24M   71M  25% /boot
tmpfs                1006M  184M  822M  19% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1              20G  8.9G  9.9G  48% /u01

删除filesystem

cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
sqlplus dbfs_user/dbfs_user
SQL> @dbfs_drop_filesystem.sql my_dbfs

解决因/etc/fstab错误导致系统不能启动故障

Posted on 2012 年 09 月 16 日 by 惜分飞

发现如果人品不好做试验都是问题很多,晚上又把fstab给写错了,导致系统不能起来,因为当时处理该故障未截图,后续在网上找了几张图片,大体说明处理思路
系统启动报 filesystems 失败,输入root密码进入repair filesystem模式

尝试修改 /etc/fstab 发现系统是read-only模式

重新mount -n -o remount,rw /重新mount文件系统

重新修改/etc/fstab,除掉错误记录,然后使用init 6/reboot命令重启系统

安装ORACLE db /tmp空间不足解决办法

Posted on 2012 年 09 月 16 日 by 惜分飞

因测试需要装一个ORACLE 11G,在安装检测阶段报下图错误

详细信息

Free Space: xifenfei:/tmp - This is a prerequisite condition to test 
whether sufficient free space is available in the file system.
Error: 
 - 
PRVF-7501 : Sufficient space is not available at location "/tmp" 
on node "xifenfei" [Required space = 1GB ]  
- Cause:  Not enough free space at location specified.  - Action:  
Free up additional space or select another location. 
Expected Value
 : 1GB
Actual Value
 : 238MB

错误提示很明显ORACLE安装过程需要1G的临时空间，但是现在/tmp只有238M,空间明显不足,是的oracle检测失败,为了安装过程不出意外,决定分析并解决该问题

磁盘空间使用情况

[ora11g@xifenfei ~]$ df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                      3.9G  3.3G  238M  93% /
/dev/sda1              99M   24M   71M  25% /boot
tmpfs                1002M     0 1002M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1              20G  7.8G   11G  42% /u01

这里可以看出来/tmp没有另外的分配分区,而是挂载在/下面,也就是说,/tmp最多使用的空间就是/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00分区能够使用的最大空间,也就是238M,证明ORACLE的检查程序说的是事实。

解决该问题
1.建立新tmp目录

[root@xifenfei ora11g]# mkdir /u01/tmp
[root@xifenfei ora11g]# chown root:root /u01/tmp
[root@xifenfei ora11g]# chmod 1777 /u01/tmp

2.设置数据库用户变量

vi db_home/.bash_profile
export TEMP=/u01/tmp
export TMPDIR=/u01/tmp

[ora11g@xifenfei ~]$ env|grep TMP
TMPDIR=/u01/tmp
[ora11g@xifenfei ~]$ env|grep TEMP
TEMP=/u01/tmp

3.重新运行runInstaller
4.安装完成清理相关/u01/tmp 和相关环境变了,让数据库使用系统默认(根据实际情况处理)