11GR2升级到12CR1并插入CDB

ORACLE 12C已经发布了十多天,其中一个亮点就是pdb,而在12C之前的数据库没有pdb之说,也就是说如果要把以前的数据库升级到12C,并且想让该库变成一个pdb,那所要做的工作就是先需要升级数据库从12C之前版本升级到12C,然后把一个NO-CDB数据库PLUG到CDB中.本blog演示:在前段时间意外的释放出来ORACLE 11.2.0.4版本,利用该版本升级到12.1.0.1,并插入到一个cdb库中
ORACLE 12C升级版本要求
12C_UPGRADE_VERSION
11.2.0.4到12.1.0.1升级操作操作[升级整体参考文档1503653.1]
当前相关组件版本信息

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE    11.2.0.4.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

SQL> show parameter name;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cell_offloadgroup_name               string
db_file_name_convert                 string
db_name                              string      ora11g
db_unique_name                       string      ora11g
global_names                         boolean     FALSE
instance_name                        string      ora11g
lock_name_space                      string
log_file_name_convert                string
processor_group_name                 string
service_names                        string      ora11g

SQL> select COMP_NAME,VERSION,STATUS from dba_registry;

COMP_NAME                                VERSION                        STATUS
---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------
OWB                                      11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
Oracle Application Express               3.2.1.00.12                    VALID
Spatial                                  11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
Oracle Multimedia                        11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
Oracle XML Database                      11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
Oracle Text                              11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
Oracle Expression Filter                 11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
Oracle Rules Manager                     11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
Oracle Workspace Manager                 11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
Oracle Database Catalog Views            11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
Oracle Database Packages and Types       11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
JServer JAVA Virtual Machine             11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
Oracle XDK                               11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
Oracle Database Java Packages            11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
OLAP Analytic Workspace                  11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
Oracle OLAP API                          11.2.0.4.0                     VALID

16 rows selected.

升级准备工作
执行Pre-Upgrade Utility,具体参考Note 884522.1 How to Download and Run Oracle’s Database Pre-Upgrade Utility

SQL> @/tmp/preupgrd.sql
Loading Pre-Upgrade Package...
Executing Pre-Upgrade Checks...
Pre-Upgrade Checks Complete.
      ************************************************************

Results of the checks are located at:
 /u02/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/ora11g/preupgrade/preupgrade.log

Pre-Upgrade Fixup Script (run in source database environment):
 /u02/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/ora11g/preupgrade/preupgrade_fixups.sql

Post-Upgrade Fixup Script (run shortly after upgrade):
 /u02/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/ora11g/preupgrade/postupgrade_fixups.sql

      ************************************************************

         Fixup scripts must be reviewed prior to being executed.

      ************************************************************

      ************************************************************
                   ====>> USER ACTION REQUIRED  <<====
      ************************************************************

 The following are *** ERROR LEVEL CONDITIONS *** that must be addressed
                    prior to attempting your upgrade.
            Failure to do so will result in a failed upgrade.

           You MUST resolve the above errors prior to upgrade

      ************************************************************

这里发生了改变,在12C之前版本直接显示需要修改的相关操作,12C把相关操作封装到了preupgrade_fixups.sql脚本,执行该脚本按照提示修复问题.
这里主要以下问题需要解决

ALTER SYSTEM SET PROCESSES=300 SCOPE=SPFILE;
@/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1/db_1/rdbms/admin/emremove.sql
@/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/olap/admin/catnoamd.sql
EXECUTE dbms_stats.gather_dictionary_stats;

执行dbupgdiag.sql收集升级前信息
如果有异常核对相应的MOS文章修改,具体见Script to Collect DB Upgrade/Migrate Diagnostic Information (dbupgdiag.sql) [ID 556610.1]

dbua升级数据库
12C的dbua发生了不上变化,因为都是图形化界面,不做过多描述,贴上几幅区别较大图进行说明,关于12C的dbua变化更加详细信息请参考:Complete Checklist to Upgrade the Database to 12c Release 1 using DBUA [ID 1516557.1]
12C_U_2
12C_U_3
12C_U_4


升级后检查
执行postupgrade_fixups.sql脚本查看确定需要升级后处理事宜,因为是dbua升级数据库,很多问题已经自动修复,无需人工再次干预,例如timezone(14–>18)

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER                                                                               CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production              0
PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0
CORE    12.1.0.1.0      Production                                                        0
TNS for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                            0
NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0

SQL> select COMP_NAME,VERSION,STATUS from dba_registry;

COMP_NAME                                     VERSION                        STATUS
--------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------
Oracle Application Express                    4.2.0.00.27                    VALID
OWB                                           11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
Spatial                                       12.1.0.1.0                     VALID
Oracle Multimedia                             12.1.0.1.0                     VALID
Oracle XML Database                           12.1.0.1.0                     VALID
Oracle Text                                   12.1.0.1.0                     VALID
Oracle Workspace Manager                      12.1.0.1.0                     VALID
Oracle Database Catalog Views                 12.1.0.1.0                     VALID
Oracle Database Packages and Types            12.1.0.1.0                     VALID
JServer JAVA Virtual Machine                  12.1.0.1.0                     VALID
Oracle XDK                                    12.1.0.1.0                     VALID
Oracle Database Java Packages                 12.1.0.1.0                     VALID
OLAP Analytic Workspace                       12.1.0.1.0                     VALID
Oracle OLAP API                               12.1.0.1.0                     VALID

14 rows selected.

升级前后oratab信息对比
dbua使用12C环境变量shell下执行,注意不要人工修改oratab记录,执行完会自动修改

--升级前
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ grep ora11g /etc/oratab
ora11g:/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1:N:             # line added by Agent

--升级后
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ grep ora11g /etc/oratab
ora11g:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1/db_1:N:             # line added by Agent

到此,我们可以确定11.2.0.4已经顺利升级到12.1.0.1,升级过程比较顺利,但是升级时间比较长,很可能和我的机器配置有关

NO-CDB PLUG CDB
把11.2.0.4升级到12.1.0.1的数据库插入到一个CDB数据库中,让其成为CDB一部分
PLUG操作示意图
plug in a non-cdb to cdb


升级后数据库信息

SQL>  select cdb,NAME,dbid from v$database;

CDB NAME            DBID
--- --------- ----------
NO  ORA11G    4215674657

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER                                                                               CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production              0
PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0
CORE    12.1.0.1.0      Production                                                        0
TNS for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                            0
NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0

创建XML元数据文件

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  801701888 bytes
Fixed Size                  2293496 bytes
Variable Size             314573064 bytes
Database Buffers          478150656 bytes
Redo Buffers                6684672 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database open read only;

Database altered.

SQL> EXEC DBMS_PDB.DESCRIBE( pdb_descr_file => '/tmp/ora11g.xml');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

CDB数据库信息

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER                                                                               CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production              0
PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0
CORE    12.1.0.1.0      Production                                                        0
TNS for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                            0
NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0

SQL> show pdbs;

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 PDB1                           MOUNTED
         4 PDB2                           MOUNTED

检查升级后数据库是否适合插入到该cdb

SQL> set serveroutput on;
 declare
         compat boolean := FALSE;
    begin
       compat := dbms_pdb.check_plug_compatibility(pdb_descr_file => '/tmp/ora11g.xml');
        if compat
        then
               dbms_output.put_line('Yes');
       else
               dbms_output.put_line('No');
      end if;
   end;SQL>   2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9   10   11  
 12  /
No

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

因为是第一次插入所以显示是No,可以忽略该问题继续插入

插入no-cdb to cdb库

SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE ora11g USING '/tmp/ora11g.xml' NOCOPY;

Pluggable database created.

SQL> show pdbs

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 PDB1                           MOUNTED
         4 PDB2                           MOUNTED
         5 ORA11G                         MOUNTED

根据官方文档描述,如果是第一次是no-cdb plug cdb,需要先open一次库

SQL> alter session set container=ora11g;

Session altered.

SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-24344: success with compilation error


SQL> !oerr ora 24344
24344, 00000, "success with compilation error"
// *Cause:  A sql/plsql compilation error occurred.
// *Action: Return OCI_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO along with the error code

SQL> show pdbs;

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         5 ORA11G                         READ WRITE YES

出现ORA-24344,但是数据库正常open到read write模式,忽略该错误,继续执行

执行noncdb_to_pdb脚本

SQL> alter session set container=ora11g;

Session altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate
Pluggable Database closed.
SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/noncdb_to_pdb.sql


--遇到Warning,脚本自动忽略该错误,继续执行,在最后该脚本编译的时候会修复该问题,原因很可能是某个plslq异常
SQL> alter pluggable database "&pdbname" open restricted;
old   1: alter pluggable database "&pdbname" open restricted
new   1: alter pluggable database "ORA11G" open restricted

Warning: PDB altered with errors.

同步pdb信息

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus sys/xifenfei@ora11g as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Mon Jul 1 03:05:42 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SYS% ora11g> alter pluggable database open restricted;

Pluggable database altered.

SYS% ora11g>  exec dbms_pdb.sync_pdb();

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SYS% ora11g> alter pluggable database close immediate;

Pluggable database altered.

SYS% ora11g> alter pluggable database open;

Pluggable database altered.

确定no-cdb plug cdb 成功

SYS% ora11g> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SYS% cdb1> show pdbs

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 PDB1                           MOUNTED
         4 PDB2                           MOUNTED
         5 ORA11G                         READ WRITE NO

到这里已经完全完成了11.2.0.4数据库插入到12.1.0.1中,实现把11GR2转化为CDB数据库中的一个PDB

安装 ORACLE 12C 单节点RAC

装过ORACLE 12C RAC 的朋友应该感觉到12C的RAC简直就是一个怪物,需要消耗太多的内存、IO、CPU资源,在没有物理机器的情况下,使用虚拟机装ORACLE 12C RAC那可能需要比较好的主机资源(8G的内存不运行主机,仅仅够2个节点的虚拟机运行,所以8G的内存主机基本上无法ORACLE 12C 2节点RAC),而没有好的资源情况下,又需要玩12C RAC功能的朋友,我这里展示了单节点RAC(一个节点的RAC的rac),这里主要显示的是单节点RAC和多节点RAC安装不同之处,同时这里的安装也仅仅是为了玩
内存要求
12c_rac_require


准备环境

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ more /etc/oracle-release 
Oracle Linux Server release 5.8

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          4350       4036        313          0          4       2805
-/+ buffers/cache:       1226       3124
Swap:         2047        853       1193

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ /sbin/ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:02:1B:A7  
          inet addr:192.168.30.22  Bcast:192.168.30.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:66152 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:83647 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:21143877 (20.1 MiB)  TX bytes:44756747 (42.6 MiB)

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:02:1B:B1  
          inet addr:10.10.30.22  Bcast:10.10.30.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:8064 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:366 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:645158 (630.0 KiB)  TX bytes:64125 (62.6 KiB)

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ more /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain localhost

10.10.30.22     xifenfei-priv

192.168.30.22   xifenfei
192.168.30.32   xifenfei-vip
192.168.30.42   scan-ip

[root@xifenfei ~]# yum install oracle-validated
[root@xifenfei rpm]# rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm

安装GRID软件
single_rac_gi0.jpg
single_rac_gi1
single_rac_gi2.jpg


安装ORACE DB软件
single_rac_db1


创建数据库
single_rac_dbca


安装结果

[root@xifenfei ~]# crsctl status res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name           Target  State        Server                   State details       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr
               ONLINE  ONLINE       xifenfei                 STABLE
ora.DATA.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       xifenfei                 STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
               ONLINE  ONLINE       xifenfei                 STABLE
ora.net1.network
               ONLINE  ONLINE       xifenfei                 STABLE
ora.ons
               ONLINE  ONLINE       xifenfei                 STABLE
ora.proxy_advm
               ONLINE  ONLINE       xifenfei                 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       xifenfei                 STABLE
ora.MGMTLSNR
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       xifenfei                 169.254.243.16 10.10
                                                             .30.22,STABLE
ora.asm
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       xifenfei                 STABLE
      2        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               STABLE
      3        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               STABLE
ora.cdb.db
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       xifenfei                 Open,STABLE
ora.cvu
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       xifenfei                 STABLE
ora.mgmtdb
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       xifenfei                 Open,STABLE
ora.oc4j
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       xifenfei                 STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       xifenfei                 STABLE
ora.xifenfei.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       xifenfei                 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@xifenfei ~]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:02:1B:A7  
          inet addr:192.168.30.22  Bcast:192.168.30.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:66419 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:83849 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:21168865 (20.1 MiB)  TX bytes:44798962 (42.7 MiB)

eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:02:1B:A7  
          inet addr:192.168.30.42  Bcast:192.168.30.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

eth0:2    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:02:1B:A7  
          inet addr:192.168.30.32  Bcast:192.168.30.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:02:1B:B1  
          inet addr:10.10.30.22  Bcast:10.10.30.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:12244 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:368 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:994988 (971.6 KiB)  TX bytes:64536 (63.0 KiB)

eth1:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:02:1B:B1  
          inet addr:169.254.243.16  Bcast:169.254.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:91800 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:91800 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:68999524 (65.8 MiB)  TX bytes:68999524 (65.8 MiB)

dul支持ORACLE 12C CDB数据库恢复

熟悉dul的朋友都知道dul是通过file# 1 block 1的kcvfhrdb找到bootstarp$的segment header(其实kcvfhrdb就是bootstarp$ segment header的rdba地址),然后通过bootstarp$中存储的相关sql找对一些基础的基表对象(obj$,tab$,col$,seg$等),然后通过他们定位到具体的对象的segment记录,从而通过segment找到extent分布,然后按照extent恢复数据(如果丢失system的情况,是通过扫描来确定extent属于哪个segment,然后恢复,该情况不在本次讨论范围之类)。在ORACLE 12C之前,一个实例最多都只有一个数据库,也就是说,在一个完整的数据库中只会存在一个bootstarp$,只要通过file# 1 block 1 定位到kcvfhrdb就可以读取数据库中的所有内容.但是从12C开始数据库引入了CDB的概念,也就是在一个CDB数据库中有了多个PDB数据库,那这些PDB数据库如果要编写类似dul之类工具将如何恢复出来,这里根据自己对于CDB的理解,先普及一些在CDB数据库中和bootstarp$表有关知识
bootstarp$表在每个PDB中都存在,可以通过bbed证明

--查看pdb相关信息
SQL> show pdbs;

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 PDB1                           MOUNTED
         4 PDB2                           READ WRITE NO
         5 ORA11G                         MOUNTED

SQL>  select con_id,header_file,header_block from cdb_segments where segment_name='BOOTSTRAP$';

    CON_ID HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK
---------- ----------- ------------
         4          11          520
         1           1          520
         2           5          520
----因为有部分库未read write,所以查询cdb_segments未显示

--file 1
RMAN> copy datafile 1 to '/tmp/system_01.dbf';

BBED> set block 1
        BLOCK#          1

BBED> map
 File: /tmp/system_01.dbf (0)
 Block: 1                                     Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------
 Data File Header

 struct kcvfh, 1112 bytes                   @0       

 ub4 tailchk                                @8188    

BBED> p kcvfhrdb
ub4 kcvfhrdb                                @96       0x00400208

SQL> select to_number('400208','xxxxxxxxxx') from dual;

TO_NUMBER('400208','XXXXXXXXXX')
--------------------------------
                         4194824

SQL> select dbms_utility.data_block_address_block(4194824) "block",
  2  dbms_utility.data_block_address_file(4194824) "file" from dual;

     block       file
---------- ----------
       520          1

----可以知道bootstarp$起点的rdba为4194824,在rfile# 1 block# 520上

--file 11
RMAN> copy datafile 11 to '/tmp/system_11.dbf';

BBED> set filename '/tmp/system_11.dbf'
        FILENAME        /tmp/system_11.dbf

BBED> set block 1
        BLOCK#          1

BBED> p kcvfhrdb
ub4 kcvfhrdb                                @96       0x00400208

---显示的rdba地址完全与file# 1中的kcvfhrdb相同,也就是表示rfile# 1 block# 520

--验证未mount pdb,并且从11.2.0.4升级到12.1.0.1
ASMCMD> cp system01.dbf /tmp/system_18.dbf
copying +data/ora11g/system01.dbf -> /tmp/system_18.dbf

BBED> set filename '/tmp/system_18.dbf'
        FILENAME        /tmp/system_18.dbf

BBED>  set block 1
        BLOCK#          1

BBED> p kcvfhrdb
ub4 kcvfhrdb                                @96       0x0041ad40

SQL> select to_number('41ad40','xxxxxxxxx') from dual;

TO_NUMBER('41AD40','XXXXXXXXX')
-------------------------------
                        4304192

SQL> select dbms_utility.data_block_address_block(4304192) "block",
  2  dbms_utility.data_block_address_file(4304192) "file" from dual;

     block       file
---------- ----------
    109888          1
----可以知道bootstarp$起点的rdba为4304192,在rfile# 1 block# 109888上

查询contrainer$视图确认bootstarp$

SQL> select a.con_id#, a.dbid, a.rdba, dbms_utility.data_block_address_file(a.rdba) "file",
2    dbms_utility.data_block_address_block(a.rdba) "block"from container$ a;

   CON_ID#       DBID       RDBA       file      block
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
         1 1922813718    4194824          1        520
         5 4211303690    4304192          1     109888
         2 4048821679    4194824          1        520
         4 3872456618    4194824          1        520
         3 3313918585    4194824          1        520

通过上面的知识点,我们明确,在ORACLE 12C CDB设计理念中,为了和12C之前的版本兼用(12C之前的版本可以通过PDB插入到CDB中),也为了方便用户在操作PDB时候和传统数据库一样,没有任何区别,所以它把每个PDB的rdba的计算方法认为PDB内部的RELFILE#是从1开始(也就是说每个rdba都是相对于自己的pdb而言),所以这里的contrainer$查询出来的rdba的地址就比较好理解(并非是绝对文件号,而是相对文件号,即表示pdb的第一个数据文件[传统的system01.dbf])

rdba中的file#和cdb中的file#关系

SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB2
SQL> select file#, RELFILE#   from file$;

     FILE#   RELFILE#
---------- ----------
        12          4
        11          1
        13         13

SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> select file#, RELFILE#   from file$;

     FILE#   RELFILE#
---------- ----------
         1          1
         3          3
         5
         6          6
         2
         4          4

6 rows selected.

通过这里的分析,就可以清晰的知道当前的dul是完全可以处理ORACLE 12C的CDB数据库.

dul恢复CDB中PDB数据

--在pdb中创建测试表
SQL> show pdbs;

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 PDB1                           MOUNTED
         4 PDB2                           READ WRITE NO
         5 ORA11G                         MOUNTED

SQL> alter session set container=pdb2;

Session altered.

SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB2

SQL> show con_id

CON_ID
------------------------------
3

SQL> create user xff identified by xifenfei;

User created.

SQL> grant dba to xff;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> create table xff.t_xifenfei tablespace users 
  2  as select * from dba_objects;

Table created.

SQL> alter system checkpoint;

System altered.

SQL> select count(*) from xff.t_xifenfei;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     90756

--使用dul抽取数据
[oracle@xifenfei dul]$ ./dul


 Strictly Oracle Internal Use Only


DUL: Warning: Recreating file "dul.log"
Disk group DATA, dul group_cid 0
Discovered disk /dev/sdb as diskgroup DATA, disk number 0 size 20480 Mb File1 starts at 10, dul_disk_cid 0

DUL: Warning: Dictionary cache DC_ASM_EXTENTS is empty
Probing for attributes in File9, the attribute directory, for disk group DATA
attribute name "_extent_sizes", value "1 4 16"
attribute name "_extent_counts", value "20000 20000 214748367"
Oracle data file size 283123712 bytes, block size 8192
Found db_id = 1922813718
Found db_name = CDB
Oracle data file size 713039872 bytes, block size 8192
DUL> bootstrap;
Probing file = 1, block = 520
. unloading table                BOOTSTRAP$
DUL: Warning: block number is non zero but marked deferred trying to process it anyhow
      60 rows unloaded
DUL: Warning: Dictionary cache DC_BOOTSTRAP is empty
Reading BOOTSTRAP.dat 60 entries loaded
Parsing Bootstrap$ contents
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "dict.ddl"
Generating dict.ddl for version 11
 OBJ$: segobjno 18, file 1 block 240
 TAB$: segobjno 2, tabno 1, file 1  block 144
 COL$: segobjno 2, tabno 5, file 1  block 144
 USER$: segobjno 10, tabno 1, file 1  block 208
Running generated file "@dict.ddl" to unload the dictionary tables
. unloading table                      OBJ$   90758 rows unloaded
. unloading table                      TAB$    2363 rows unloaded
. unloading table                      COL$  106731 rows unloaded
. unloading table                     USER$     124 rows unloaded
Reading USER.dat 124 entries loaded
Reading OBJ.dat 90758 entries loaded and sorted 90758 entries
Reading TAB.dat 2363 entries loaded
Reading COL.dat 106685 entries loaded and sorted 106685 entries
Reading BOOTSTRAP.dat 60 entries loaded

DUL: Warning: Recreating file "dict.ddl"
Generating dict.ddl for version 11
 OBJ$: segobjno 18, file 1 block 240
 TAB$: segobjno 2, tabno 1, file 1  block 144
 COL$: segobjno 2, tabno 5, file 1  block 144
 USER$: segobjno 10, tabno 1, file 1  block 208
 TABPART$: segobjno 692, file 1 block 4528
 INDPART$: segobjno 697, file 1 block 4568
 TABCOMPART$: segobjno 714, file 1 block 9880
 INDCOMPART$: segobjno 719, file 0 block 0
 TABSUBPART$: segobjno 704, file 1 block 9928
 INDSUBPART$: segobjno 709, file 0 block 0
 IND$: segobjno 2, tabno 3, file 1  block 144
 ICOL$: segobjno 2, tabno 4, file 1  block 144
 LOB$: segobjno 2, tabno 6, file 1  block 144
 COLTYPE$: segobjno 2, tabno 7, file 1  block 144
 TYPE$: segobjno 619, tabno 1, file 1  block 1528
 COLLECTION$: segobjno 619, tabno 2, file 1  block 1528
 ATTRIBUTE$: segobjno 619, tabno 3, file 1  block 1528
 LOBFRAG$: segobjno 725, file 1 block 4616
 LOBCOMPPART$: segobjno 728, file 0 block 0
 UNDO$: segobjno 15, file 1 block 224
 TS$: segobjno 6, tabno 2, file 1  block 176
 PROPS$: segobjno 126, file 1 block 1096
Running generated file "@dict.ddl" to unload the dictionary tables
. unloading table                      OBJ$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "OBJ.ctl"
   90758 rows unloaded
. unloading table                      TAB$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "TAB.ctl"
    2363 rows unloaded
. unloading table                      COL$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "COL.ctl"
  106731 rows unloaded
. unloading table                     USER$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "USER.ctl"
     124 rows unloaded
. unloading table                  TABPART$     234 rows unloaded
. unloading table                  INDPART$     155 rows unloaded
. unloading table               TABCOMPART$       1 row  unloaded

DUL: Error: dc_segment_header(dataobj#=719, ts#=0, fil=0, blk=0) failed
DUL: Warning: Nothing to unload from empty delayed segment creation table INDCOMPART$
. unloading table               TABSUBPART$      32 rows unloaded

DUL: Error: dc_segment_header(dataobj#=709, ts#=0, fil=0, blk=0) failed
DUL: Warning: Nothing to unload from empty delayed segment creation table INDSUBPART$
. unloading table                      IND$    4237 rows unloaded
. unloading table                     ICOL$    6290 rows unloaded
. unloading table                      LOB$     849 rows unloaded
. unloading table                  COLTYPE$    2567 rows unloaded
. unloading table                     TYPE$    3651 rows unloaded
. unloading table               COLLECTION$    1345 rows unloaded
. unloading table                ATTRIBUTE$   13755 rows unloaded
. unloading table                  LOBFRAG$       6 rows unloaded

DUL: Error: dc_segment_header(dataobj#=728, ts#=0, fil=0, blk=0) failed
DUL: Warning: Nothing to unload from empty delayed segment creation table LOBCOMPPART$
. unloading table                     UNDO$       1 row  unloaded
. unloading table                       TS$       4 rows unloaded
. unloading table                    PROPS$      38 rows unloaded
Reading USER.dat 124 entries loaded
Reading OBJ.dat 90758 entries loaded and sorted 90758 entries
Reading TAB.dat 2363 entries loaded
Reading COL.dat 106685 entries loaded and sorted 106685 entries
Reading TABPART.dat 234 entries loaded and sorted 234 entries
Reading TABCOMPART.dat 1 entries loaded and sorted 1 entries
Reading TABSUBPART.dat 32 entries loaded and sorted 32 entries
Reading INDPART.dat 155 entries loaded and sorted 155 entries
Reading IND.dat 4237 entries loaded
Reading LOB.dat 849 entries loaded
Reading ICOL.dat 6290 entries loaded
Reading COLTYPE.dat 2567 entries loaded
Reading TYPE.dat 3651 entries loaded
Reading ATTRIBUTE.dat 13755 entries loaded
Reading COLLECTION.dat
DUL: Warning: Increased the size of DC_COLLECTIONS from 1024 to 8192 entries
 1345 entries loaded
Reading BOOTSTRAP.dat 60 entries loaded
Reading LOBFRAG.dat 6 entries loaded and sorted 6 entries
Reading UNDO.dat 1 entries loaded
Reading TS.dat 4 entries loaded
Reading PROPS.dat 38 entries loaded
Database character set is ZHS16GBK
Database national character set is AL16UTF16
DUL> unload table xff.t_xifenfei;
. unloading table                T_XIFENFEI   90756 rows unloaded

核对结果

SQL> create table xff.t_xifenfei_new as select  * from xff.t_xifenfei where 1=0;

Table created.

[oracle@xifenfei dul]$ sqlldr xff/xifenfei@pdb2 control=XFF_T_XIFENFEI.ctl 

SQL*Loader: Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Jun 2 18:08:04 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Path used:      Conventional
Commit point reached - logical record count 64
Commit point reached - logical record count 128
Commit point reached - logical record count 192
Commit point reached - logical record count 256
Commit point reached - logical record count 320
Commit point reached - logical record count 384
Commit point reached - logical record count 448
Commit point reached - logical record count 512
Commit point reached - logical record count 576
…………
Commit point reached - logical record count 90589
Commit point reached - logical record count 90653
Commit point reached - logical record count 90717
Commit point reached - logical record count 90756

Table "XFF"."T_XIFENFEI_NEW":
  90756 Rows successfully loaded.

Check the log file:
  XFF_T_XIFENFEI.log
for more information about the load.

SQL> select count(*) from xff.t_xifenfei_new;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     90756

通过分析12C的bootstarp$表分布,和dul恢复数据库原理,通过变动实现dul完美恢复CDB中的pdb数据

ORACLE 12C RMAN 功能增强

在ORACLE 12C中对rman的功能有了不少增强,在以前的文章中写过RMAN RECOVER TABLE功能,这里另外补充rman增强的两个小功能(sql语句和数据文件分割)
数据库版本

SQL>  select * from v$version;

BANNER                                                                               CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production              0
PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0
CORE    12.1.0.1.0      Production                                                        0
TNS for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                            0
NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0

rman对sql语句支持增强

[oracle@xifenfei tmp]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Jun 1 14:07:50 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: CDB (DBID=1922813718)

RMAN> select sysdate from dual;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
SYSDATE  
---------
01-JUN-13

RMAN> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';

Statement processed

RMAN>  select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE            
-------------------
2013-06-01 14:16:48

RMAN> desc v$log

 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 GROUP#                                             NUMBER                      
 THREAD#                                            NUMBER                      
 SEQUENCE#                                          NUMBER                      
 BYTES                                              NUMBER                      
 BLOCKSIZE                                          NUMBER                      
 MEMBERS                                            NUMBER                      
 ARCHIVED                                           VARCHAR2(3)                 
 STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(16)                
 FIRST_CHANGE#                                      NUMBER                      
 FIRST_TIME                                         DATE                        
 NEXT_CHANGE#                                       NUMBER                      
 NEXT_TIME                                          DATE                        
 CON_ID                                             NUMBER                      

这里看到rman只是sql语句中的select和desc用法

rman分割数据文件增强

RMAN>  CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 3;

old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 3 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 section size 30M datafile 1 format '/tmp/system_%U.rman';

Starting backup at 01-JUN-13
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=27 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=269 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=24 device type=DISK
no parent backup or copy of datafile 1 found
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/cdb/system01.dbf
backing up blocks 1 through 3840
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 01-JUN-13
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/cdb/system01.dbf
……………………
backing up blocks 96001 through 99840
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 26 at 01-JUN-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 24 at 01-JUN-13
piece handle=/tmp/system_02ob3pg1_24_1.rman tag=TAG20130601T144518 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/cdb/system01.dbf
backing up blocks 99841 through 101120
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 27 at 01-JUN-13
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 25 at 01-JUN-13
piece handle=/tmp/system_02ob3pg1_25_1.rman tag=TAG20130601T144518 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 26 at 01-JUN-13
piece handle=/tmp/system_02ob3pg1_26_1.rman tag=TAG20130601T144518 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:06
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 27 at 01-JUN-13
piece handle=/tmp/system_02ob3pg1_27_1.rman tag=TAG20130601T144518 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 01-JUN-13

备份文件情况

[oracle@xifenfei tmp]$ ll -ltr system*
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 14761984 Jun  1 14:45 system_02ob3pg1_1_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba  9535488 Jun  1 14:45 system_02ob3pg1_2_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 16973824 Jun  1 14:45 system_02ob3pg1_4_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 18284544 Jun  1 14:45 system_02ob3pg1_3_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 12804096 Jun  1 14:45 system_02ob3pg1_5_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 29163520 Jun  1 14:45 system_02ob3pg1_6_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 31326208 Jun  1 14:46 system_02ob3pg1_7_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 30851072 Jun  1 14:46 system_02ob3pg1_8_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 30801920 Jun  1 14:46 system_02ob3pg1_9_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 23977984 Jun  1 14:46 system_02ob3pg1_11_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 28508160 Jun  1 14:46 system_02ob3pg1_10_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 30277632 Jun  1 14:46 system_02ob3pg1_12_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 31498240 Jun  1 14:46 system_02ob3pg1_13_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 31498240 Jun  1 14:47 system_02ob3pg1_14_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 31498240 Jun  1 14:47 system_02ob3pg1_15_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 30507008 Jun  1 14:47 system_02ob3pg1_17_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 30834688 Jun  1 14:47 system_02ob3pg1_16_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 31498240 Jun  1 14:47 system_02ob3pg1_18_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 30244864 Jun  1 14:47 system_02ob3pg1_19_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 29016064 Jun  1 14:47 system_02ob3pg1_20_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 29212672 Jun  1 14:47 system_02ob3pg1_21_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 30728192 Jun  1 14:47 system_02ob3pg1_22_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 29384704 Jun  1 14:47 system_02ob3pg1_23_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 26566656 Jun  1 14:47 system_02ob3pg1_24_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 24928256 Jun  1 14:48 system_02ob3pg1_25_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 19324928 Jun  1 14:48 system_02ob3pg1_26_1.rman
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba  6291456 Jun  1 14:48 system_02ob3pg1_27_1.rman

在12C之前的版本,ORACLE 11GR2只是对于全备的备份集备份(非增量,非copy备份方式)方式支持数据文件分割备份功能,对于11.2之前的版本均不支持该功能.在12C中rman可以支持对于全备,增量备份,copy备份全部支持分割数据文件备份(CONTROLFILE,SPFILE不支持)

ORACLE 12C CDB中PDB参数管理机制

在ORACLE 12C中参数文件只是记录了cdb的参数信息,没有记录任何的pdb的信息,那ORACLE是如何管理使得各个pdb有自己的参数,这里通过试验的出来ORACLE 12C CDB环境中是通过参数文件结合PDB_SPFILE$来实现参数管理
数据库版本

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER                                                                               CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production              0
PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0
CORE    12.1.0.1.0      Production                                                        0
TNS for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                            0
NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0

pdb信息

SQL>  select PDB_NAME,CON_UID,pdb_id,status from dba_pdbs;

PDB_NAME      CON_UID     PDB_ID STATUS
---------- ---------- ---------- -------------
PDB1       3313918585          3 NORMAL
PDB$SEED   4048821679          2 NORMAL
PDB2       3872456618          4 NORMAL

SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;

    CON_ID       DBID NAME                           OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
         2 4048821679 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY
         3 3313918585 PDB1                           READ WRITE
         4 3872456618 PDB2                           MOUNTED

CDB$ROOT中修改参数

--指定container=all
SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

SQL> alter system set open_cursors=500 container=all;

System altered.

SQL> show parameter open_cursors;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     500

SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;

Session altered.

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1

SQL> show parameter open_cursors;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     500


--在CDB$ROOT中修改不指定container参数表示全部pdb生效
SQL> alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;

Session altered.

SQL> alter system set open_cursors=100;

System altered.

SQL>  show parameter open_cursors;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     100

SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;

Session altered.

SQL> show parameter open_cursors;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     100 

--指定container=current
SQL> alter system set open_cursors=120 container=current;

System altered.

SQL> show parameter open_cursors;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     120
SQL> alter session set container=pdb2 ;

Session altered.

SQL> show parameter open_cursors;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     120

这里可以看出来,在ROOT中修改参数,默认情况和指定container=all/current均是所有open的pdb都生效.
这里有个疑问ORACLE的参数文件只是记录的cdb的sid的参数,并未记录各个pdb的参数,那是如何实现cdb中各个pdb参数不一致的呢?继续分析

修改pdb参数做10046

SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1

SQL> oradebug setmypid
Statement processed.
SQL> oradebug EVENT 10046 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 12
Statement processed.
SQL> oradebug TRACEFILE_NAME
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/cdb/cdb/trace/cdb_ora_18377.trc
SQL> alter system set sessions=100;

System altered.

SQL> oradebug EVENT 10046 trace name context off
Statement processed.

--继续修改pdb参数
SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;

Session altered.

SQL>  oradebug setmypid
Statement processed.
SQL> oradebug EVENT 10046 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 12
Statement processed.
SQL>  oradebug TRACEFILE_NAME
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/cdb/cdb/trace/cdb_ora_20275.trc
SQL> alter system set sessions=101;

System altered.

SQL> oradebug EVENT 10046 trace name context off
Statement processed.

分析trace文件

--第一次修改pdb参数值
insert into pdb_spfile$(db_uniq_name, pdb_uid, sid, name, value$, comment$)  values(:1,:2,:3,:4,:5,:6)
END OF STMT
PARSE #140085118752824:c=3999,e=3397,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=1,og=4,plh=0,tim=99767937623
BINDS #140085118752824:
 Bind#0
  oacdty=01 mxl=32(03) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=10 fl2=0001 frm=01 csi=852 siz=32 off=0
  kxsbbbfp=7fffcfaa5842  bln=32  avl=03  flg=09
  value="cdb"
 Bind#1
  oacdty=02 mxl=22(22) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=00 fl2=1000001 frm=00 csi=00 siz=24 off=0
  kxsbbbfp=7f681bbb2170  bln=22  avl=06  flg=05
  value=3313918585
 Bind#2
  oacdty=01 mxl=32(01) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=10 fl2=0001 frm=01 csi=852 siz=32 off=0
  kxsbbbfp=7fffcfaa46f8  bln=32  avl=01  flg=09
  value="*"
 Bind#3
  oacdty=01 mxl=32(08) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=10 fl2=0001 frm=01 csi=852 siz=32 off=0
  kxsbbbfp=0bc220d8  bln=32  avl=08  flg=09
  value="sessions"
 Bind#4
  oacdty=01 mxl=32(03) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=10 fl2=0001 frm=01 csi=852 siz=32 off=0
  kxsbbbfp=7fffcfaa474c  bln=32  avl=03  flg=09
  value="100"
 Bind#5
  oacdty=01 mxl=32(00) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=10 fl2=0001 frm=01 csi=852 siz=32 off=0
  kxsbbbfp=00000000  bln=32  avl=00  flg=09

--第二次修改pdb参数值(相同参数)
update pdb_spfile$ set value$=:5, comment$=:6  where name=:1 and pdb_uid=:2 and db_uniq_name=:3 and sid=:4
BINDS #140603847818408:
 Bind#0
  oacdty=01 mxl=32(03) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=10 fl2=0001 frm=01 csi=852 siz=32 off=0
  kxsbbbfp=7ffff6477dcc  bln=32  avl=03  flg=09
  value="101"
 Bind#1
  oacdty=01 mxl=32(00) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=10 fl2=0001 frm=01 csi=852 siz=32 off=0
  kxsbbbfp=00000000  bln=32  avl=00  flg=09
 Bind#2
  oacdty=01 mxl=32(08) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=10 fl2=0001 frm=01 csi=852 siz=32 off=0
  kxsbbbfp=0bc220d8  bln=32  avl=08  flg=09
  value="sessions"
 Bind#3
  oacdty=02 mxl=22(22) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=00 fl2=1000001 frm=00 csi=00 siz=24 off=0
  kxsbbbfp=7fe0e2638320  bln=22  avl=06  flg=05
  value=3313918585
 Bind#4
  oacdty=01 mxl=32(03) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=10 fl2=0001 frm=01 csi=852 siz=32 off=0
  kxsbbbfp=7ffff6478ec2  bln=32  avl=03  flg=09
  value="cdb"
 Bind#5
  oacdty=01 mxl=32(01) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=10 fl2=0001 frm=01 csi=852 siz=32 off=0
  kxsbbbfp=7ffff6477d78  bln=32  avl=01  flg=09
  value="*"

通过这里我们发现在独立修改pdb参数之时,其本质是在pdb_spfile$基表中插入或者修改相关记录(第一次修改插入,后续修改是更新)

关于pdb_spfile$基表分析

SQL> SHOW CON_NAME;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

SQL> COL OWNER FOR A10
SQL> select con_id,owner,object_type from cdb_objects where object_name='PDB_SPFILE$';

    CON_ID OWNER      OBJECT_TYPE
---------- ---------- -----------------------
         2 SYS        TABLE
         1 SYS        TABLE
         3 SYS        TABLE

SQL> COL DB_UNIQ_NAME FOR A10
SQL> COL NAME FOR A15
SQL> COL VALUE$ FOR A10
SQL> SELECT DB_UNIQ_NAME,PDB_UID,NAME,VALUE$ FROM PDB_SPFILE$;

DB_UNIQ_NA    PDB_UID NAME            VALUE$
---------- ---------- --------------- ----------
cdb        3313918585 sessions        101

SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER=pdb1;

Session altered.

SQL>  SELECT DB_UNIQ_NAME,PDB_UID,NAME,VALUE$ FROM PDB_SPFILE$;

no rows selected

证明pdb中不同于root的参数是记录在root的PDB_SPFILE$基表中.
整个CDB的工作原理是如果在PDB_SPFILE$中无相关参数记录,则继承cdb的参数文件中值,如果PDB_SPFILE$中有记录则使用该值覆盖cdb参数文件值.

删除PDB_SPFILE$验证

SQL> SHOW CON_NAME;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

SQL> show parameter open_cursors;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     100

SQL>  select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;

    CON_ID       DBID NAME                           OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
         2 4048821679 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY
         3 3313918585 PDB1                           MOUNTED
         4 3872456618 PDB2                           READ WRITE

SQL> alter session set container=pdb2;

Session altered.

SQL> show parameter open_cursors;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     100
SQL> alter system set open_cursors=110;

System altered.

SQL> show parameter open_cursors;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     110

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select value$ from pdb_spfile$ where name='open_cursors';

VALUE$
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
110

SQL> delete from  pdb_spfile$ where name='open_cursors';

1 row deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  597098496 bytes
Fixed Size                  2291072 bytes
Variable Size             272632448 bytes
Database Buffers          314572800 bytes
Redo Buffers                7602176 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select value$ from pdb_spfile$ where name='open_cursors';

no rows selected

SQL> show parameter open_cursors;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     100
SQL> alter session set container=pdb2 ;

Session altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL>  show parameter open_cursors;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                         integer     100

删除PDB_SPFILE$中相关记录,pdb的参数值会自动继续继承cdb中参数值
总结说明:通过上述的一些列试验证明cdb中参数关系,在cdb中修改,会默认所有pdb均自动继承;如果在pdb中修改值会覆盖cdb参数,而且只对当前pdb生效,并记录在PDB_SPFILE$