Category Archives: Oracle

利用oradebug释放被删除文件空间

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在很多时候，检查系统时候发现，由于某个Oracle的trace文件导致磁盘空间告警，因为业务需要不能让数据库down下来。这个时候你想到的方法可能是直接删除掉这个trace文件，如果是win系统，那恭喜你这样做可以解决问题；如果是linux/unix系统，那就等着事故的发生吧。在linux/unix中，如果直接rm掉oracle进程的某个文件(该进程还存在)，文件句柄不会释放，即磁盘使用空间不会释放。可以通过df命名看到磁盘的空间释放释放。下面通过对lgwr进程的一系列操作，使用oradebug来释放oracle进程句柄，从而达到释放oracle某个被删除的trace文件的磁盘空间
一、查找lgwr进程的trace文件

[oracle@localhost /]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/bdump
[oracle@localhost bdump]$ pwd
/opt/oracle/admin/mcrm/bdump
[oracle@localhost bdump]$ ls -l|grep lgwr
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 32133 Dec 22 21:00 mcrm_lgwr_3485.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  3713 Oct  8 07:13 mcrm_lgwr_3489.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 22507 Mar  3 06:00 mcrm_lgwr_3598.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  8441 Sep 15 10:29 mcrm_lgwr_4963.trc
[oracle@localhost bdump]$ ps -ef|grep lgwr
oracle    1056 30718  0 21:10 pts/3    00:00:00 grep lgwr
oracle    3598     1  0  2011 ?        00:04:10 ora_lgwr_mcrm
[oracle@localhost bdump]$ df |grep /opt
/dev/sda6             37798668  33312588   2534988  93% /opt
[oracle@localhost bdump]$ du -s .
948     .

从这里得出几点结论：
1.当前lgwr进程的spid为：3598
2.当前lgwr进程产生的trace文件大小为：22507B
3.包含该trace文件的分区大小使用大小为：33312588KB
4.bdump目录大小为：948KB

二、删除lgwr进程对应trace文件

[oracle@localhost bdump]$ rm mcrm_lgwr_3598.trc
[oracle@localhost bdump]$ du -s .
924     .
[oracle@localhost bdump]$ df |grep /opt
/dev/sda6             37798668  33312588   2534988  93% /opt

[oracle@localhost bdump]$ ls -l /proc/3598/fd|grep lgwr   
l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Mar  3 20:54 2 -> /opt/oracle/admin/mcrm/bdump/mcrm_lgwr_3598.trc (deleted)

从这里得出结论：
1.bdump目录当前大小变为：924KB(大约等于948KB-22507B)
2.包含该trace文件的分区大小使用大小依然为：33312588KB(没有因为删除trace文件而释放空间)

三、释放被删除trace文件空间

[oracle@localhost bdump]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Mar 3 21:12:41 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> !ls -l /proc/3598/fd|grep lgwr  
l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Mar  3 20:54 2 -> /opt/oracle/admin/mcrm/bdump/mcrm_lgwr_3598.trc (deleted)

SQL>  oradebug setospid 3598
Oracle pid: 6, Unix process pid: 3598, image: oracle@localhost.localdomain (LGWR)
SQL> oradebug flush;    
Statement processed.
SQL> oradebug close_trace;
Statement processed.
SQL> !ls -l /proc/3598/fd|grep lgwr  

SQL> !df |grep /opt
/dev/sda6             37798668  33312564   2535012  93% /opt

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

从这里可以得出结论：
1.包含该trace文件的分区大小使用大小为：33312564KB(大约等于948KB-22507B)
2./proc/spid/fd下面的句柄已经释放
3.总这里可以看出使用oradebug可以真正释放oracle进程磁盘使用空间

Getting ORA-01476 during execution of DBMS_STATS.GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS

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alert日志

Fri Jan 27 22:00:09 2012
GATHER_STATS_JOB encountered errors.  Check the trace file.
Fri Jan 27 22:00:09 2012
Errors in file /oracle10/admin/ocs/bdump/ocs1_j001_29138.trc:
ORA-01476: divisor is equal to zero

trace内容

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
ORACLE_HOME = /oracle10/app/product/db/10.2.0
System name:    HP-UX
Node name:      ocsdb1
Release:        B.11.23
Version:        U
Machine:        ia64
Instance name: ocs1
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
Oracle process number: 60
Unix process pid: 29138, image: oracle@ocsdb1 (J001)

*** ACTION NAME:(GATHER_STATS_JOB) 2012-01-27 22:00:09.308
*** MODULE NAME:(DBMS_SCHEDULER) 2012-01-27 22:00:09.308
*** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$USERS) 2012-01-27 22:00:09.308
*** SESSION ID:(988.31342) 2012-01-27 22:00:09.307
ORA-01476: divisor is equal to zero
*** 2012-01-27 22:00:09.417
GATHER_STATS_JOB: GATHER_TABLE_STATS('"OCS_SM"','"HLP_SMS_SEND"','""', ...)
ORA-01476: divisor is equal to zero

错误原因
oracle unpublished Bug 5645718

解决方法
1.Setting event 38041 at level 16

sql> connect / as sysdba
sql> alter system set events '38041 trace name context forever, level 16';

2.Patch 6319761

通过sql查询rman备份信息

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查看所有备份集

    SELECT A.RECID "BACKUP SET",
         A.SET_STAMP,
         DECODE (B.INCREMENTAL_LEVEL,
                 '', DECODE (BACKUP_TYPE, 'L', 'Archivelog', 'Full'),
                 1, 'Incr-1级',
                 0, 'Incr-0级',
                 B.INCREMENTAL_LEVEL)
            "Type LV",
         B.CONTROLFILE_INCLUDED "包含CTL",
         DECODE (A.STATUS,
                 'A', 'AVAILABLE',
                 'D', 'DELETED',
                 'X', 'EXPIRED',
                 'ERROR')
            "STATUS",
         A.DEVICE_TYPE "Device Type",
         A.START_TIME "Start Time",
         A.COMPLETION_TIME "Completion Time",
         A.ELAPSED_SECONDS "Elapsed Seconds",
         --a.BYTES/1024/1024/1024 "大小(G)",
         --a.COMPRESSED,
         A.TAG "Tag",
         A.HANDLE "Path"
    FROM GV$BACKUP_PIECE A, GV$BACKUP_SET B
   WHERE A.SET_STAMP = B.SET_STAMP AND A.DELETED = 'NO'
ORDER BY A.COMPLETION_TIME DESC;

查找某个备份集中包含数据文件

SELECT distinct c.file#,A.SET_STAMP, D.NAME, C.CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#, C.CHECKPOINT_TIME
  FROM V$BACKUP_DATAFILE C, V$BACKUP_PIECE A, V$DATAFILE D
 WHERE A.SET_STAMP = C.SET_STAMP
AND D.FILE# = C.FILE#
AND A.DELETED='NO'
AND c.set_stamp=&set_stamp
ORDER BY C.FILE#;

查询某个备份集中控制文件

SELECT DISTINCT A.SET_STAMP,
                D.NAME,
                C.CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#,
                C.CHECKPOINT_TIME
  FROM V$BACKUP_DATAFILE C, V$BACKUP_PIECE A, V$CONTROLFILE D
 WHERE A.SET_STAMP = C.SET_STAMP
   AND C.FILE# = 0
   AND A.DELETED = 'NO'
   AND C.SET_STAMP = &SET_STAMP;

查看某个备份集中归档日志

SELECT DISTINCT B.SET_STAMP,
                B.THREAD#,
                B.SEQUENCE#,
                B.FIRST_TIME,
                B.FIRST_CHANGE#,
                B.NEXT_TIME,
                B.NEXT_CHANGE#
  FROM V$BACKUP_REDOLOG B, V$BACKUP_PIECE A
 WHERE A.SET_STAMP = B.SET_STAMP
   AND A.DELETED = 'NO'
   AND B.SET_STAMP = &SET_STAMP
 ORDER BY THREAD#, SEQUENCE#;

查看某个备份集SPFILE

SELECT DISTINCT A.SET_STAMP, B.COMPLETION_TIME, HANDLE
  FROM V$BACKUP_SPFILE B, V$BACKUP_PIECE A
 WHERE A.SET_STAMP = B.SET_STAMP
   AND A.DELETED = 'NO'
   AND B.SET_STAMP = &SET_STAMP;

rman配置信息

SELECT NAME,VALUE FROM V$RMAN_CONFIGURATION;

远程访问ASM

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一、动态监听
1.监听文件

[oracle@node1 admin]$ more /u01/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
    )
  )

2.监听状态

[oracle@node1 admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 18-JAN-2012 13:38:42

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=node1)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                18-JAN-2012 13:32:49
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 5 min. 53 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=node1)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "+ASM_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "chf" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "chf", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "chfXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "chf", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "chf_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "chf", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

3.客户端tns文件[有部分测试加上了(UR=A)]

vm_asm =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.30)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = +ASM)
      (INSTANCE_NAME = +ASM)
      (UR=A)  #分存在和不存在测试
    )
  )

vm_chf =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.30)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = chf)
      (INSTANCE_NAME = chf)
    )
  )

4.无测试(UR=A)

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>tnsping vm_asm

TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 23-2月 -
2012 22:15:10

Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

已使用的参数文件:
e:\oracle\11_2_0\network\admin\sqlnet.ora


已使用 TNSNAMES 适配器来解析别名
尝试连接 (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.30)(PORT =
1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = +ASM) (INSTANCE_NAME = +ASM)))
OK (10 毫秒)

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>SQLPLUS sys/xifenfei@vm_asm as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 2月 23 22:15:14 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-12514: TNS: 监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求的服务


请输入用户名:
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS: 协议适配器错误


请输入用户名:
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS: 协议适配器错误


SP2-0157: 在 3 次尝试之后无法连接到 ORACLE, 退出 SQL*Plus

--通过下面的数据库实例测试，证明动态监听是正常工作的，可以访问数据库
C:\Users\XIFENFEI>SQLPLUS sys/xifenfei@vm_chf as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 2月 23 21:55:03 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


连接到:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
chf

5.含(UR=A)测试

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>tnsping vm_asm

TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 23-2月 -
2012 22:16:49

Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

已使用的参数文件:
e:\oracle\11_2_0\network\admin\sqlnet.ora


已使用 TNSNAMES 适配器来解析别名
尝试连接 (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.30)(PORT =
1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = +ASM) (INSTANCE_NAME = +ASM) (UR=A)))
OK (20 毫秒)

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>SQLPLUS sys/xifenfei@vm_asm as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 2月 23 22:16:52 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


连接到:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME
--------------------------------
+ASM

二、静态监听
1.监听文件

[oracle@node1 admin]$ more listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =  
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = chf)
     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle)
     (SID_NAME = chf)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = +ASM)
     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle)
     (SID_NAME = +ASM)
     )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.30)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

2.监听状态

[oracle@node1 admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 18-JAN-2012 13:53:52

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.30)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                18-JAN-2012 13:51:48
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 4 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.30)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "+ASM", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "+ASM_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "chf" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "chf", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "chf", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "chfXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "chf", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "chf_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "chf", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

3.无(UR=A)测试

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>tnsping vm_asm

TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 23-2月 -
2012 22:11:34

Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

已使用的参数文件:
e:\oracle\11_2_0\network\admin\sqlnet.ora


已使用 TNSNAMES 适配器来解析别名
尝试连接 (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.30)(PORT =
1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = +ASM) (INSTANCE_NAME = +ASM)))
OK (20 毫秒)

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>SQLPLUS sys/xifenfei@vm_asm as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 2月 23 22:11:06 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


连接到:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME
--------------------------------
+ASM

4.含(UR=A)测试

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>tnsping vm_asm

TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 23-2月 -
2012 22:12:49

Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

已使用的参数文件:
e:\oracle\11_2_0\network\admin\sqlnet.ora


已使用 TNSNAMES 适配器来解析别名
尝试连接 (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.30)(PORT =
1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = +ASM) (INSTANCE_NAME = +ASM) (UR=A)))
OK (10 毫秒)

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>SQLPLUS sys/xifenfei@vm_asm as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 2月 23 22:12:53 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


连接到:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME
--------------------------------
+ASM

5.easy connect访问asm实例

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>SQLPLUS sys/xifenfei@192.168.1.30/+asm as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 2月 23 22:27:42 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


连接到:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME
--------------------------------
+ASM

三、总结
1.在动态监听中，只有设置了(UR=A)才能够远程访问ASM实例；
2.在静态监听中，无论是否设置(UR=A)均可远程访问ASM实例，甚至可以使用easy connect方法方法ASM实例。