最初是由于业务系统报ORA-01578导致

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然后相关人员上来进行了一系列操作,包括但不限于offline文件,create datafile 44,recover datafile,还尝试做resetlogs,使用备份控制文件还原等等.我接手该故障的时候状态

44号文件状态是12月1日的,而且resetlogs信息也不对.通过和客户沟通,确认是他们在没有备份44号文件的前提下直接执行了类似alter database create datafile 44的命令,但是在应用了写归档之后,发现提示有归档不存在

ALTER DATABASE RECOVER    CONTINUE DEFAULT
Media Recovery Log /data/app/oracle/archive/orcl/1_181285_1103629544.dbf
ORA-279 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE RECOVER    CONTINUE DEFAULT  ...
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER    CONTINUE DEFAULT
Media Recovery Log /data/app/oracle/archive/orcl/1_181286_1103629544.dbf
Tue Jan 06 12:48:12 2026
Errors with log /data/app/oracle/archive/orcl/1_181286_1103629544.dbf
Errors in file /data/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl8/orcl/trace/orcl_pr00_8338.trc:
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/data/app/oracle/archive/orcl/1_181286_1103629544.dbf'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

分析现存归档,确实发现12月1日之后丢失了部分归档日志(归档不连续)

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基于这种情况(故障数据文件直接被覆盖,归档又出现了多天的连续断档,而且没有有效备份),只能先打开数据库,然后根据情况导出数据,然后导入到新库中.这里我直接使用obet来修改resetlogs和checkpoint 信息,实现数据库快速打开

OBET> help
OBET (Oracle Block Editor Tool) commands:
  open <config_file>    - Load file list from config file (format: <num> <path>)
  info                  - Show loaded file list (from open command)
  set filename <path>   - Set target file path (required)
  set file <num>        - Set filename using loaded file number (from open list)
  set blocksize <size>  - Set block size (2048,4096,[8192],16384,32768)
  set block <num>       - Set block number (starts from 0, default: 1)
  set offset <offset>   - Set offset within block (< blocksize, default: 0)
  set count <bytes>     - Set number of bytes to read (default: 32)
  set mode edit/browse  - Enable edit/browse mode
  d/dump [options]      - Display data (options: block X, offset Y, count N)
  m/modify <hex> [opts] - Modify data with hex (opts: block X, offset Y)
  undo                  - Undo last modification
  sum [block X]         - Calculate checksum for block (default: current block)
  sum apply [block X]   - Apply checksum: write calculated value to block
  tailchk [block X]     - Calculate tailchk for block (default: current block)
  tailchk apply [block X] - Apply tailchk: write calculated value to block
  repair [block X]      - Repair bad block (fix seq_kcbh, tailchk, checksum)
  copy data <src> to <dest>  - Copy data between files
    <src> format: file,block,offset,count (e.g., 1,1,10,64)
    <dest> format: file[,block][,offset] (e.g., 3 or 3,1 or 3,1,128)
  copy block file#,block# to file#,block#     - Copy entire data block
  copy chkscn file n to file m         - Copy datafile header checkpoint SCN info
  copy resetlogscn file n to file m    - Copy datafile header resetlogs info
  backup [file n] [block m] - Backup data block (optional file and block parameters)
  corrupt [block X]     - Mark block as corrupted (default: current block)
  show                  - Display current settings (filename, blocksize, block, offset, count, mode)
  license               - Show/manage software license (registration code required)
  version               - Show software version and developer information
  p/print <param>       - Print Oracle structure,Use the 'p/print' command to see details
  undo                  - Undo the last copy chkscn or copy resetlogscn operation
  spool <file>          - Start logging to file (spool off to stop)
  help                  - Show this help message
  quit/exit             - Exit OBET

OBET> open 1.txt                 
Loaded 2 files from config file '1.txt'.

OBET> info

Loaded files (2 total):
----------------------------------------
Number  Path
----------------------------------------
     1  /data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
    44  /data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xff26.dbf
----------------------------------------

OBET> set file 44
filename set to: /data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xff26.dbf (file#44)

OBET> d

File: /data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xff26.dbf
Block: 1                Offsets:     0 to    31
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0xifenfei000 0BA20000 0100000B 00000000 00000104 B05F0000 00000000 0004200B 65583D61 

<32 bytes read>


OBET> backup file 44 block 1
Created backup directory: backup_blk
Successfully backed up block 1 from file#44 to /tmp/backup_blk/xff26.dbf_1.20260106182405

OBET> copy resetlogscn file 1 to file 44
Error: Edit mode not enabled. Use 'set mode edit' first.

OBET> set mode edit     
mode set to: edit

OBET> copy resetlogscn file 1 to file 44

Confirm Modify resetlogscn:
Source: file#1 (/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf)
Target: file#44 (/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xff26.dbf)
Proceed? (Y/YES to confirm): y
Successfully copied resetlog SCN information from file#1 to file#44.

OBET> copy chkscn file 1 to file 44

Confirm Modify chkscn:
Source: file#1 (/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf)
Target: file#44 (/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xff26.dbf)
Proceed? (Y/YES to confirm): y
Successfully copied checkpoint SCN information from file#1 to file#44.

OBET> tailchk
Check tailchk for File /data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xff26.dbf, Block 1:
current = 0x010B0000, required = 0x010B0000

OBET> sum
Check value for File /data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xff26.dbf, Block 1:
current = 0xB05F, required = 0x6DA3

OBET> sum apply

Confirm applying checksum:
File: /data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/xff26.dbf
Block: 1
Offset in block: 16 (file offset: 0x0xifenfei010)
Original value: 0xB05F
New value:      0x6DA3
Confirm? (Y/YES to proceed): y
Verification successful: Stored checksum matches calculated value (0x6DA3).
Checksum applied successfully.

然后重建ctl正常打开数据库

[oracle@xifenfei check_db]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Jan 6 18:29:22 2026

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup mount pfile='/tmp/pfile';
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 6.8413E+10 bytes
Fixed Size		    2270360 bytes
Variable Size		 3.3554E+10 bytes
Database Buffers	 3.4762E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers		   93585408 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01190: control file or data file 1 is from before the last RESETLOGS
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/data/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'


SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open


Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/tmp/pfile
';
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 6.8413E+10 bytes
Fixed Size		    2270360 bytes
Variable Size		 3.3554E+10 bytes
Database Buffers	 3.4762E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers		   93585408 bytes
SQL> @ctl.sql

Control file created.

SQL> SQL> recover database;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-00264: no recovery required


SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

后续根据情况选择导出表,对于导出报错的表再进行二次处理.