ORACLE 12C redo异常恢复测试—打上patch恢复完全

在上一篇中,我们删除redo,然后通过非常规方法使得cdb open成功,但是pdb无法正常mount,通过查询mos确定是bug 16784143,具体见:ORACLE 12C redo异常恢复测试—部分pdb未正常open,通过给数据库打上12.1.0.3的patch之后,发现已经损坏的数据库的pdb无法正常open,但是在损坏之前如果是打上补丁的数据库其pdb可以正常open
patch信息

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>E:\oracle\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\OPatch\opatch lspatches
17977915;WINDOWS DB BUNDLE PATCH 12.1.0.1.3 (64bit): (17977915)

session 1

XIFENFEI_CDB$ROOT@SYS> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

XIFENFEI_CDB$ROOT@SYS> create table t_xifenfei as select * from dba_users;

表已创建。

XIFENFEI_CDB$ROOT@SYS> delete from t_xifenfei;

已删除 35 行。

XIFENFEI_CDB$ROOT@SYS>

session 2

XIFENFEI_CDB$ROOT@SYS> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
XIFENFEI_CDB$ROOT@SYS> create table t_xifenfei as select * from dba_users;

表已创建。

XIFENFEI_CDB$ROOT@SYS> delete from t_xifenfei;

已删除 36 行。

XIFENFEI_CDB$ROOT@SYS>

session 3

XIFENFEI_CDB$ROOT@SYS> alter session set container=pdb2;

会话已更改。

XIFENFEI_CDB$ROOT@SYS> alter database open;

数据库已更改。

XIFENFEI_CDB$ROOT@SYS> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB2
XIFENFEI_CDB$ROOT@SYS>

session 4

XIFENFEI_CDB$ROOT@SYS> shutdown abort;
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。

删除所有redo,并启动数据库

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on 星期日 3月 30 21:07:55 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

已连接到空闲例程。

idle> startup mount;
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  400846848 bytes
Fixed Size                  2440024 bytes
Variable Size             289408168 bytes
Database Buffers          100663296 bytes
Redo Buffers                8335360 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
idle> alter database open;
alter database open
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00313: 无法打开日志组 3 (用于线程 1) 的成员
ORA-00312: 联机日志 3 线程 1: 'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\XIFENFEI\REDO03.LOG'
ORA-27041: 无法打开文件
OSD-04002: 无法打开文件
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
尝试恢复数据库
1
idle> select status,group# from v$log;

STATUS               GROUP#
---------------- ----------
INACTIVE                  1
CURRENT                   3
INACTIVE                  2

idle> recover database until cancel;
ORA-00279: 更改 2821739 (在 03/30/2014 20:58:39 生成) 对于线程 1 是必需的
ORA-00289: 建议:
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\XIFENFEI\ARCHIVELOG\2014_03_30\O1_MF_1_36_%U_
.ARC
ORA-00280: 更改 2821739 (用于线程 1) 在序列 #36 中


指定日志: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00308: 无法打开归档日志
'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\XIFENFEI\ARCHIVELOG\2014_03_30\O1_MF_1_36_%U
_.ARC'
ORA-27041: 无法打开文件
OSD-04002: 无法打开文件
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。


ORA-00308: 无法打开归档日志
'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\XIFENFEI\ARCHIVELOG\2014_03_30\O1_MF_1_36_%U
_.ARC'
ORA-27041: 无法打开文件
OSD-04002: 无法打开文件
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。


ORA-01547: 警告: RECOVER 成功但 OPEN RESETLOGS 将出现如下错误
ORA-01194: 文件 1 需要更多的恢复来保持一致性
ORA-01110: 数据文件 1: 'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\XIFENFEI\SYSTEM01.DBF'


idle> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-01194: 文件 1 需要更多的恢复来保持一致性
ORA-01110: 数据文件 1: 'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\XIFENFEI\SYSTEM01.DBF'

idle> alter system set "_allow_resetlogs_corruption"=true scope=spfile;

系统已更改。

idle> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: 数据库未打开


已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。

idle> startup mount;
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  400846848 bytes
Fixed Size                  2440024 bytes
Variable Size             289408168 bytes
Database Buffers          100663296 bytes
Redo Buffers                8335360 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
idle> recover database until cancel;
ORA-00279: 更改 2821739 (在 03/30/2014 20:58:39 生成) 对于线程 1 是必需的
ORA-00289: 建议:
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\XIFENFEI\ARCHIVELOG\2014_03_30\O1_MF_1_36_%U_
.ARC
ORA-00280: 更改 2821739 (用于线程 1) 在序列 #36 中


指定日志: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel
ORA-01547: 警告: RECOVER 成功但 OPEN RESETLOGS 将出现如下错误
ORA-01194: 文件 1 需要更多的恢复来保持一致性
ORA-01110: 数据文件 1: 'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\XIFENFEI\SYSTEM01.DBF'


ORA-01112: 未启动介质恢复


idle> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure
ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [2662], [0], [2821746], [0],
[2822649], [4194545], [], [], [], [], [], []
进程 ID: 6880
会话 ID: 242 序列号: 3

idle> startup mount;
SP2-0642: SQL*Plus 内部错误状态 2133, 上下文 3114:0:0
继续执行将不安全
ORA-03114: 未连接到 ORACLE

--使用bbed解决dul问题,出现新问题
idle> alter database open;
alter database open
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [61], [4], [], [], [], [],
[], [], [], [], []
进程 ID: 5932
会话 ID: 242 序列号: 3

idle> ALTER SYSTEM SET UNDO_MANAGEMENT='MANAUL' SCOPE=SPFILE;

系统已更改。

idle> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
ORA-01109: 数据库未打开


已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。

idle> startup mount;
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  400846848 bytes
Fixed Size                  2440024 bytes
Variable Size             281019560 bytes
Database Buffers          109051904 bytes
Redo Buffers                8335360 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
idle> alter database open;

数据库已更改。
[/sql
<strong>open pdb</strong>
1
idle> alter session set container=pdb1;

会话已更改。

idle> alter database open;

数据库已更改。

idle> alter session set container=pdb2;

会话已更改。

idle> alter database open;

数据库已更改。

idle> alter session set container=pdb1;

会话已更改。

ORACLE 12C的bug估计不会太少,急于上12C的朋友,强烈建议打上最先patch,少踩一些雷

ORACLE 12C redo异常恢复测试—部分pdb未正常open

为了验证当前redo丢失的情况下ORACLE 12C CDB数据库恢复的情况,做了一个小实验,三个会话,分别操作为在root pdb中执行一个delete 不提交;另外一个会话在user pdb中delete记录不提交;最后一个会话中直接abort数据库,然后进行数据库恢复,验证数据库是否可以都正常open(所有pdb)
会话1(root pdb中操作)

CDB_CDB$ROOT@SYS> show pdbs;

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 PDB                            READ WRITE NO

CDB_CDB$ROOT@SYS> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

CDB_CDB$ROOT@SYS> create table t_xifenfei as select * from dba_objects;

表已创建。

CDB_CDB$ROOT@SYS> delete from t_xifenfei;

已删除 91032 行。

CDB_CDB$ROOT@SYS>

会话2(user pdb中操作)

CDB_CDB$ROOT@SYS> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB

CDB_CDB$ROOT@SYS> drop table t_xifenfei purge;

表已删除。

CDB_CDB$ROOT@SYS> create table t_xifenfei as select * from dba_objects;

表已创建。

CDB_CDB$ROOT@SYS> delete from t_xifenfei;

已删除 91144 行。

会话3(直接abort数据库)

CDB_CDB$ROOT@SYS> shutdown abort;
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。

删除数据库联机日志

E:\app\XIFENFEI\oradata\cdb>dir redo*.log
 驱动器 E 中的卷是 本地磁盘
 卷的序列号是 000C-3B41

 E:\app\XIFENFEI\oradata\cdb 的目录

2013-08-07  01:41        52,429,312 REDO01.LOG
2013-08-07  01:40        52,429,312 REDO02.LOG
2013-08-07  01:40        52,429,312 REDO03.LOG
2014-03-20  22:47        52,432,896 REDO04.LOG
2014-03-20  22:47        52,432,896 REDO05.LOG
2014-03-20  22:47        52,432,896 REDO06.LOG
               6 个文件    314,586,624 字节
               0 个目录 21,359,374,336 可用字节

E:\app\XIFENFEI\oradata\cdb>del redo*.log

E:\app\XIFENFEI\oradata\cdb>dir redo*.log
 驱动器 E 中的卷是 本地磁盘
 卷的序列号是 000C-3B41

 E:\app\XIFENFEI\oradata\cdb 的目录

找不到文件

启动数据库报ORA-00313错误

idle> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  521936896 bytes
Fixed Size                  2404552 bytes
Variable Size             205524792 bytes
Database Buffers          306184192 bytes
Redo Buffers                7823360 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
ORA-00313: 无法打开日志组 6 (用于线程 1) 的成员
ORA-00312: 联机日志 6 线程 1: 'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\REDO06.LOG'
ORA-27041: 无法打开文件
OSD-04002: 无法打开文件
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。

使用_allow_resetlogs_corruption参数尝试open数据库

idle> shutdown abort
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
idle> startup pfile='d:/pfile.txt' mount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  521936896 bytes
Fixed Size                  2404552 bytes
Variable Size             205524792 bytes
Database Buffers          306184192 bytes
Redo Buffers                7823360 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
idle> show parameter resetlogs;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
_allow_resetlogs_corruption          boolean     TRUE
idle> recover database until cancel;
ORA-00279: 更改 12696935641735 (在 03/20/2014 22:38:52 生成) 对于线程 1
是必需的
ORA-00289: 建议:
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\CDB\ARCHIVELOG\2014_03_20\O1_MF_1_872_9LOZSK9
X_.ARC
ORA-00280: 更改 12696935641735 (用于线程 1) 在序列 #872 中


指定日志: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel
ORA-01547: 警告: RECOVER 成功但 OPEN RESETLOGS 将出现如下错误
ORA-01194: 文件 1 需要更多的恢复来保持一致性
ORA-01110: 数据文件 1: 'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\SYSTEM01.DBF'


ORA-01112: 未启动介质恢复


idle> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00603: ORACLE server session terminated by fatal error
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [2662], [2956], [1012314778],
[2956], [1012314903], [268435600], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [2662], [2956], [1012314777],
[2956], [1012314903], [268435600], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [2662], [2956], [1012314768],
[2956], [1012314903], [268435600], [], [], [], [], [], []
进程 ID: 9268
会话 ID: 92 序列号: 3

ora-600[2662]很熟悉,文件头的scn小于文件中某个block的csn,通过bbed等工具修改文件scn,尝试启动数据库

CDB_CDB$ROOT@SYS> SHUTDOWN ABORT
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
CDB_CDB$ROOT@SYS> STARTUP
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  521936896 bytes
Fixed Size                  2404552 bytes
Variable Size             205524792 bytes
Database Buffers          306184192 bytes
Redo Buffers                7823360 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。

尝试open user pdb

CDB_CDB$ROOT@SYS> alter session set container=pdb;

会话已更改。

CDB_CDB$ROOT@SYS> alter database open;
alter database open
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00600: 内部错误代码, 参数: [kcvfdb_pdb_set_clean_scn: cleanckpt], [3],
[2956], [1012312995], [2956], [1012334778], [2], [], [], [], [], []

查询mos得到结论:
Bug 16784143 ORA-600 [kcvfdb_pdb_set_clean_scn: cleanckpt] with PDBs
在12.2/12.1.0.2/12.1.0.1.1中修复,后续尝试打patch,来进一步恢复.
1


测试结果证明
1.root pdb的open过程和以前版本数据库无大差异,但是scn推进比较费劲,以前的event和隐含参数方法无效
2.user pdb再是看是因为bug无法open,后续继续验证
3.12.1的base 版本可能确实问题很多,生产使用慎重

ORACLE 12C 控制文件异常恢复

在oracle 12c引进了pdb的概念,但重建控制文件的过程还是完全和no-cdb(以前版本ORACLE)相同
数据库启动异常

idle> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  521936896 bytes
Fixed Size                  2404552 bytes
Variable Size             205524792 bytes
Database Buffers          306184192 bytes
Redo Buffers                7823360 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info


idle> select * from v$version;

BANNER                                                                               CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production              0
PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0
CORE    12.1.0.1.0      Production                                                        0
TNS for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                   0
NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0

alert日志信息

Wed Mar 19 20:30:20 2014
ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT
Wed Mar 19 20:30:20 2014
ORA-00210: ???????????
ORA-00202: ????: ''E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\CONTROL01.CTL''
ORA-27048: skgfifi: ????????
OSD-04001: 逻辑块大小无效
ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT...

利用strings命令找出来数据文件和联机日志路径

E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\REDO04.LOG
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\REDO06.LOG
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\REDO05.LOG
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\PDB\PDB_USERS01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\PDB\SYSAUX01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\PDB\SYSTEM01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\USERS01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\UNDOTBS01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\PDBSEED\SYSAUX01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\SYSAUX01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\PDBSEED\SYSTEM01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\SYSTEM01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\TEMP01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\PDB\TEMP01.DBF

如果有完整的alert日志也可以通过alert日志来分析数据文件路径和redo路径;
通过alert日志分析数据库编码,如果没有alert日志通过分析prop$分析编码;
redo group 可以在alert日志中查看,写入错误,在创建时候会提示正确值;
redo size 可以查看redo file,也可以先写入错误值,创建时候会提示正确block数量

重建控制文件

idle> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "CDB" NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG
  2      MAXLOGFILES 16
  3      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  4      MAXDATAFILES 100
  5      MAXINSTANCES 8
  6      MAXLOGHISTORY 2921
  7  LOGFILE
  8  GROUP 4 'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\REDO04.LOG' size 50M,
  9  GROUP 6 'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\REDO06.LOG'  size 50M,
 10  GROUP 5 'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\REDO05.LOG'  size 50M
 11  DATAFILE
 12  'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\PDB\PDB_USERS01.DBF',
 13  'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\PDB\SYSAUX01.DBF',
 14  'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\PDB\SYSTEM01.DBF',
 15  'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\UNDOTBS01.DBF',
 16  'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\PDBSEED\SYSAUX01.DBF',
 17  'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\SYSAUX01.DBF',
 18  'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\PDBSEED\SYSTEM01.DBF',
 19  'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\SYSTEM01.DBF',
 20  'E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\USERS01.DBF'
 21  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
 22  ;

控制文件已创建。

idle> recover database;
完成介质恢复。
idle> alter database open;

数据库已更改。

idle> show pdbs;

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 PDB                            MOUNTED
idle> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\SYSTEM01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\PDBSEED\SYSTEM01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\SYSAUX01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\PDBSEED\SYSAUX01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\USERS01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\PDB\SYSTEM01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\PDB\SYSAUX01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\PDB\PDB_USERS01.DBF
E:\APP\XIFENFEI\ORADATA\CDB\UNDOTBS01.DBF

已选择 9 行。

CDB_CDB$ROOT@SYS> alter session set container=pdb;

Session altered.

CDB_CDB$ROOT@SYS> alter database open;

Database altered.

数据库在mount状态重建控制文件请参考:重建控制文件

解决imp导入数据报IMP-00098错误

晚上十点多,准备睡觉了,一个朋友在qq上找到我,说他们数据库imp异常,希望我帮忙看看
大概情况
使用exp/imp升级并迁移数据库从win 10.2.0.1 升级到linux 11.2.0.3 由于硬盘空间不够,使用exp把win上面数据导出来,格式化掉win的数据文件所在硬盘格式化并加入到linux系统中(也就是说,故障之时,只有dmp文件,没有了数据文件),因为原库没有了,dmp又报错,所以担心了起来.
imp报错信息

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Tes

Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
export client uses US7ASCII character set (possible charset conversion)
. . importing table                "ART_T_ARCTYPE"          0 rows imported
. . importing table                "ART_T_ARTICLE"          0 rows imported
……
. . importing table            "EVT_T_ACCEPT_CODE"          1 rows imported
. . importing table            "EVT_T_ACCEPT_FLOW"
 illegal lob length marker 51166 
 bytesread = 00000000000 
 TABLE =EVT_T_ACCEPT_FLOW   EVT_T_ACCEPT_FLOW
IMP-00098: INTERNAL ERROR: impgst2
IMP-00028: partial import of previous table rolled back: 680071 rows rolled back
IMP-00008: unrecognized statement in the export file: 
  ??????????????????
IMP-00008: unrecognized statement in the export file: 
  .:
IMP-00008: unrecognized statement in the export file: 
  $;
IMP-00008: unrecognized statement in the export file: 
  ||$
…………

这里可以知道数据库exp的客户端是版本是10.2.0.1,使用编码是US7ASCII,但是导入的库编码是ZHS16GBK

exp日志信息

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
. . exporting table              EVT_T_ACCEPT_FLOW    3470071 rows exported
. . exporting table             EVT_T_ACCEPT_FLOW1    2707606 rows exported
……
. exporting post-schema procedural objects and actions
. exporting statistics
Export terminated successfully with warnings.

这里我们可以知道数据库编码是ZHS16GBK,exp客户端编码为US7ASCII,因此到导出过程中发生了一次由ZHS16GBK到US7ASCII的编码转换

检查新库发现,其db编码为ZHS16GBK,新库的NLS设置为:nls_lang=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
整个导出流程是:db编码为ZHS16GBK的数据库被客户端编码为US7ASCII的exp导出,然后被编码为ZHS16GBK的imp导入到db编码为ZHS16GBK的数据库中

故障可能性定位
1.可能在从ZHS16GBK到US7ASCII的编码转换中发生数据异常,也就是说dmp文件本身异常(我们最不希望出现的结果)
2.由于数据库导出过场会发生编码转换(ZHS16GBK->US7ASCII),而导入过程未发生编码转换(ZHS16GBK->ZHS16GBK),从而出现异常

分析并解决
1. 使用dul扫描dmp文件发现汉字都能够识别,而且exp成功的记录条数在dul扫描中都完全正常恢复出来,证明dmp文件是正常的
2. 基于dmp文件正常,编码转换的过程,得出结论在该库的imp过程中设置nls_lang=AMERICAN_AMERICA.US7ASCII问题应该就可以正常解决.果不其然,设置了NLS_LANG之后imp导入数据OK

得出结论
1. 做升级,迁移尽快保留多一份数据,这次吓得不轻
2. exp/imp最好前后客户端编码一致,否则可能被转换晕

undo异常总结和恢复思路

UNDO异常报错千奇百怪,针对本人遇到的比较常见的undo异常报错进行汇总,仅供参考,数据库恢复过程是千奇百怪的,不能照搬硬套.
ORA-00704/ORA-00376
ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 2
ORA-00376: file 3 cannot be read at this time
ORA-01110: data file 3: ‘/u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/undotbs01.dbf’
Error 704 happened during db open, shutting down database
USER (ospid: 17864): terminating the instance due to error 704
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 17864
ORA-1092 signalled during: alter database open…
opiodr aborting process unknown ospid (17864) as a result of ORA-1092

ORA-00600[4097]
Fri Aug 31 23:14:10 2012
Errors in file /u01/oradata/orcl/bdump/orcl_smon_15589.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4097], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
Fri Aug 31 23:14:12 2012
Non-fatal internal error happenned while SMON was doing logging scn->time mapping.
SMON encountered 1 out of maximum 100 non-fatal internal errors.

ORA-01595/ORA-00600[4194]
Fri Aug 31 23:14:14 2012
Errors in file /u01/oradata/orcl/bdump/orcl_smon_15589.trc:
ORA-01595: error freeing extent (2) of rollback segment (4))
ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [48], [34], [], [], [], [], []

0RA-00600[4193]
Tue Feb 14 09:35:34 2012
Errors in file d:\oracle\product\10.2.0\admin\interlib\udump\interlib_ora_2824.trc:
ORA-00603: ORACLE server session terminated by fatal error
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4193], [2005], [2008], [], [], [], [], []

ORA-00600[kcfrbd_3]
Wed Dec 05 10:26:35 2012
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Wed Dec 05 10:26:35 2012
Database Characterset is ZHS16GBK
Wed Dec 05 10:26:35 2012
Errors in file d:\oracle\product\10.2.0\admin\orcl\bdump\orcl_smon_548.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcfrbd_3], [2], [2279045], [1], [2277120], [2277120], [], []
SMON: terminating instance due to error 474

ORA-00600[4137]
Fri Jul 6 18:00:40 2012
SMON: ignoring slave err,downgrading to serial rollback
Fri Jul 6 18:00:41 2012
Errors in file /usr/local/oracle/admin/techdb/bdump/techdb_smon_16636.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4137], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORACLE Instance techdb (pid = 8) – Error 600 encountered while recovering transaction (3, 17).

ORA-01595/ORA-01594
Sat May 12 21:54:17 2012
Errors in file /oracle/app/admin/prmdb/bdump/prmdb2_smon_483522.trc:
ORA-01595: error freeing extent (2) of rollback segment (19))
ORA-01594: attempt to wrap into rollback segment (19) extent (2) which is being freed

ORA-00704/ORA-01555
Fri May 4 21:04:21 2012
select ctime, mtime, stime from obj$ where obj# = :1
Fri May 4 21:04:21 2012
Errors in file /oracle/admin/standdb/udump/perfdb_ora_1286288.trc:
ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure
ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-01555: snapshot too old: rollback segment number 40 with name “_SYSSMU40$” too small
Error 704 happened during db open, shutting down database
USER: terminating instance due to error 704
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 1286288
ORA-1092 signalled during: alter database open resetlogs…

ORA-00607/ORA-00600[4194]
Block recovery completed at rba 3994.5.16, scn 0.89979533
Thu Jul 26 13:21:11 2012
Errors in file /orasvr/admin/mispdata/udump/mispdata_ora_2865.trc:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [31], [2], [], [], [], [], []
Error 604 happened during db open, shutting down database
USER: terminating instance due to error 604
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 2865
ORA-1092 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN…

ORA-00704/ORA-00600[4000]
Thu Feb 28 19:29:13 2013
Errors in file /u1/PROD/prodora/db/tech_st/10.2.0/admin/PROD_oracle/udump/prod_ora_20989.trc:
ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure
ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4000], [50], [], [], [], [], [], []
Thu Feb 28 19:29:13 2013
Error 704 happened during db open, shutting down database
USER: terminating instance due to error 704
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 20989
ORA-1092 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS…

undo异常恢复处理思路
除了极少数undo坏块,undo文件丢失外,大部分undo异常是因为redo未被正常进行前滚,从而导致undo回滚异常数据库无法open,解决此类问题,需要结合一般需要结合redo异常处理技巧在其中,一般undo异常处理思路
1.切换undo_management= MANUAL尝试启动数据库,如果不成功进入2
2.设置10513 等event尝试启动数据库,如果不成功进入3
3.使用_offline_rollback_segments/_corrupted_rollback_segments屏蔽回滚段
4.如果依然不能open数据库,考虑使用bbed工具提交事务,修改回滚段状态等操作
5.如果依然还不能open数据库,考虑使用dul

如果您按照上述步骤还不能解决,请联系我们,将为您提供专业数据库技术支持
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姊妹篇
ORACLE REDO各种异常恢复
ORACLE丢失各种文件导致数据库不能OPEN恢复