AIX常用命令之查看cpu/memory/swap/network/disk信息

一.查看CPU

--物理cpu数
1.prtconf
Processor Type: PowerPC_POWER5
Number Of Processors: 2
Processor Clock Speed: 2097 MHz
CPU Type: 64-bit

2.lsdev
-bash-3.00$ lsdev -Cc processor
proc0 Available 00-00 Processor
proc2 Available 00-02 Processor

--逻辑cpu数
3.bindprocessor
-bash-3.00$ bindprocessor -q
The available processors are:  0 1 2 3

4.vmstat
-bash-3.00$ vmstat

System configuration: lcpu=4 mem=1904MB

kthr    memory              page              faults        cpu    
----- ----------- ------------------------ ------------ -----------
 r  b   avm   fre  re  pi  po  fr   sr  cy  in   sy  cs us sy id wa
 1  1 386273 51470   0   0   0   0    1   0 120 5221 937  1  2 97  1

5.smtctl
因为无权限执行,没有测试

二.查看内存

1.lsattr
-bash-3.00$  lsdev -Cc memory
L2cache0 Available  L2 Cache
mem0     Available  Memory
-bash-3.00$  lsattr -El L2cache0
size 1920 Size of L2 cache in Kbytes False
-bash-3.00$  lsattr -El mem0    
goodsize 1904 Amount of usable physical memory in Mbytes False
size     1904 Total amount of physical memory in Mbytes  False

2.prtconf
-bash-3.00$ prtconf|grep Memory|grep -v +
Memory Size: 1904 MB
Good Memory Size: 1904 MB

3.vmstat
-bash-3.00$ vmstat

System configuration: lcpu=4 mem=1904MB

kthr    memory              page              faults        cpu    
----- ----------- ------------------------ ------------ -----------
 r  b   avm   fre  re  pi  po  fr   sr  cy  in   sy  cs us sy id wa
 1  1 387550 50188   0   0   0   0    1   0 120 5221 937  1  2 97  1

4.topas
 MEMORY
Real,MB    1904
% Comp     76
% Noncomp  13
% Client   13

三.查看交互分区

1.lsps
-bash-3.00$ lsps -a 
Page Space      Physical Volume   Volume Group    Size %Used Active  Auto  Type
hd6             hdisk0            rootvg         512MB    38   yes   yes    lv

2.lsps
-bash-3.00$  lsps -s
Total Paging Space   Percent Used
      512MB              38%

3.prtconf
Paging Space Information
        Total Paging Space: 512MB
        Percent Used: 38%

4.topas
PAGING SPACE
Size,MB     512
% Used     38
% Free     62

四.查看网络配置

--网络硬件信息
1.lsdev
-bash-3.00$ lsdev -Cc adapter|grep ent
ent0      Available 0D-08 2-Port 10/100/1000 Base-TX PCI-X Adapter (14108902)
ent1      Available 0D-09 2-Port 10/100/1000 Base-TX PCI-X Adapter (14108902)

2.lscfg
-bash-3.00$ lscfg -vl ent0
  ent0             U788C.001.AAA8364-P1-T1  2-Port 10/100/1000 Base-TX PCI-X Adapter (14108902)

      2-Port 10/100/1000 Base-TX PCI-X Adapter:
        Network Address.............001125C5CDA4
        ROM Level.(alterable).......DV0210
        Hardware Location Code......U788C.001.AAA8364-P1-T1

--网络配置信息
3.ifconfig
-bash-3.00$ ifconfig -a
en0: flags=5e080863,c0<UP,BROADCAST,NOTRAILERS,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,GROUPRT,64BIT,CHECKSUM_OFFLOAD(ACTIVE),PSEG,LARGESEND,CHAIN>
        inet 192.168.1.18 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255
         tcp_sendspace 131072 tcp_recvspace 65536
lo0: flags=e08084b<UP,BROADCAST,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,GROUPRT,64BIT>
        inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 broadcast 127.255.255.255
        inet6 ::1/0
         tcp_sendspace 131072 tcp_recvspace 131072 rfc1323 1

4.netstat
-bash-3.00$ netstat -in|grep en
en0   1500  link#2      0.11.25.c5.cd.a4  1071676281     0 688122516     4     0
en0   1500  192.168.1   192.168.1.18      1071676281     0 688122516     4     0

5.lsattr
-bash-3.00$ lsattr -El en0
alias4                      IPv4 Alias including Subnet Mask           True
alias6                      IPv6 Alias including Prefix Length         True
arp           on            Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)          True
authority                   Authorized Users                           True
broadcast                   Broadcast Address                          True
mtu           1500          Maximum IP Packet Size for This Device     True
netaddr       192.168.1.18  Internet Address                           True
netaddr6                    IPv6 Internet Address                      True
netmask       255.255.255.0 Subnet Mask                                True
prefixlen                   Prefix Length for IPv6 Internet Address    True
remmtu        576           Maximum IP Packet Size for REMOTE Networks True
rfc1323                     Enable/Disable TCP RFC 1323 Window Scaling True
security      none          Security Level                             True
state         up            Current Interface Status                   True
tcp_mssdflt                 Set TCP Maximum Segment Size               True
tcp_nodelay                 Enable/Disable TCP_NODELAY Option          True
tcp_recvspace               Set Socket Buffer Space for Receiving      True
tcp_sendspace               Set Socket Buffer Space for Sending        True

--配置网络
ifconfig en0 192.168.0.5 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
chdev -l en1 -a netaddr='192.168.1.1' -a netmask='255.255.255.0'

五.查看硬盘

--硬盘使用情况
1.df
-bash-3.00$ df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/hd4              5.2G   77M  5.1G   2% /
/dev/hd2              5.5G  1.6G  4.0G  28% /usr
/dev/hd9var           640M  640M     0 100% /var
/dev/hd3              128M   48M   81M  38% /tmp
/dev/fwdump           128M  348K  128M   1% /var/adm/ras/platform
/dev/hd1              640M  580M   61M  91% /home0
/proc                    -     -     0   -  /proc
/dev/hd10opt          2.3G  496M  1.8G  22% /opt
192.168.2.5:/store/home
                      2.3T  576G  1.7T  26% /home
--物理硬盘
2.lspv
-bash-3.00$ lspv
hdisk0          000b45c0688a5c5d                    rootvg          active
hdisk1          00c97ac06a9cef35                    None            

-bash-3.00$ lspv hdisk0
PHYSICAL VOLUME:    hdisk0                   VOLUME GROUP:     rootvg
PV IDENTIFIER:      000b45c0688a5c5d VG IDENTIFIER     000b45c00000d7000000011b688a6044
PV STATE:           active                                     
STALE PARTITIONS:   0                        ALLOCATABLE:      yes
PP SIZE:            128 megabyte(s)          LOGICAL VOLUMES:  11
TOTAL PPs:          546 (69888 megabytes)    VG DESCRIPTORS:   2
FREE PPs:           417 (53376 megabytes)    HOT SPARE:        no
USED PPs:           129 (16512 megabytes)    MAX REQUEST:      256 kilobytes
FREE DISTRIBUTION:  109..90..00..109..109                      
USED DISTRIBUTION:  01..19..109..00..00  

3.lsdev
-bash-3.00$ lsdev -Cc disk
hdisk0 Available 0G-08-01-8,0 16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive
hdisk1 Available 0G-08-01-5,0 16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive

4.lsattr
-bash-3.00$ lsattr -El hdisk0
PCM             PCM/friend/scsiscsd                         Path Control Module           False
algorithm       fail_over                                   Algorithm                     True
dist_err_pcnt   0                                           Distributed Error Percentage  True
dist_tw_width   50                                          Distributed Error Sample Time True
hcheck_interval 0                                           Health Check Interval         True
hcheck_mode     nonactive                                   Health Check Mode             True
max_transfer    0x40000                                     Maximum TRANSFER Size         True
pvid            000b45c0688a5c5d0000000000000000            Physical volume identifier    False
queue_depth     3                                           Queue DEPTH                   False
reserve_policy  single_path                                 Reserve Policy                True
size_in_mb      73400                                       Size in Megabytes             False
unique_id       2B08004F478B0FHUS153073VL380008IBM   H0scsi Unique device identifier      False

5.lscfg
-bash-3.00$ lscfg -vpl hdisk0
  hdisk0           U788C.001.AAA8364-P1-T11-L8-L0  16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive (73400 MB)

        Manufacturer................IBM   H0
        Machine Type and Model......HUS153073VL3800 
        FRU Number..................03N5282     
        ROS Level and ID............53343130
        Serial Number...............004F478B
        EC Level....................H17923Y   
        Part Number.................03N5281     
        Device Specific.(Z0)........000004129F00013A
        Device Specific.(Z1)........VBPSS410    
        Device Specific.(Z2)........0068
        Device Specific.(Z3)........08076
        Device Specific.(Z4)........0001
        Device Specific.(Z5)........22
        Device Specific.(Z6)........H17923Y   
        Brand.......................H0


  PLATFORM SPECIFIC

  Name:  sd
    Node:  sd
    Device Type:  block                      

--逻辑卷
6.lsvg
-bash-3.00$ lsvg
rootvg
-bash-3.00$ lsvg -l rootvg
rootvg:
LV NAME             TYPE       LPs     PPs     PVs  LV STATE      MOUNT POINT
hd5                 boot       1       1       1    closed/syncd  N/A
hd6                 paging     4       4       1    open/syncd    N/A
hd8                 jfs2log    1       1       1    open/syncd    N/A
hd4                 jfs2       41      41      1    open/syncd    /
hd2                 jfs2       44      44      1    open/syncd    /usr
hd9var              jfs2       5       5       1    open/syncd    /var
hd3                 jfs2       1       1       1    open/syncd    /tmp
hd1                 jfs2       5       5       1    open/syncd    /home0
hd10opt             jfs2       18      18      1    open/syncd    /opt
fwdump              jfs2       1       1       1    open/syncd    /var/adm/ras/platform
lg_dumplv           sysdump    8       8       1    open/syncd    N/A

7.lslv
-bash-3.00$ lslv  hd5
LOGICAL VOLUME:     hd5                    VOLUME GROUP:   rootvg
LV IDENTIFIER:      000b45c00000d7000000011b688a6044.1 PERMISSION:     read/write
VG STATE:           active/complete        LV STATE:       closed/syncd
TYPE:               boot                   WRITE VERIFY:   off
MAX LPs:            512                    PP SIZE:        128 megabyte(s)
COPIES:             1                      SCHED POLICY:   parallel
LPs:                1                      PPs:            1
STALE PPs:          0                      BB POLICY:      relocatable
INTER-POLICY:       minimum                RELOCATABLE:    no
INTRA-POLICY:       edge                   UPPER BOUND:    32
MOUNT POINT:        N/A                    LABEL:          primary_bootlv
MIRROR WRITE CONSISTENCY: on/ACTIVE                              
EACH LP COPY ON A SEPARATE PV ?: yes                                    
Serialize IO ?:     NO                    

8.prtconf
Volume Groups Information
============================================================================== 
rootvg:
PV_NAME           PV STATE          TOTAL PPs   FREE PPs    FREE DISTRIBUTION
hdisk0            active            546         417         109..90..00..109..109
============================================================================== 

9.topas
Disk    Busy%     KBPS     TPS KB-Read KB-Writ 
hdisk0   21.0     3.2K   20.0     0.0     3.2K
hdisk1    0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0 
cd0       0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0

六.说明
1.cpu/memory/swap/network/disk的主要信息都可以通过topas和parconf查看
2.这些命令还和shell的类型有很多关系,这里是bash

Posted in AIX |

dd操作数据文件

1.dd主要参数

       Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands.

       bs=BYTES
              force ibs=BYTES and obs=BYTES

       cbs=BYTES
              convert BYTES bytes at a time

       count=BLOCKS
              copy only BLOCKS input blocks

       ibs=BYTES
              read BYTES bytes at a time

       if=FILE
              read from FILE instead of stdin

       obs=BYTES
              write BYTES bytes at a time

       of=FILE
              write to FILE instead of stdout

       seek=BLOCKS
              skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output

       skip=BLOCKS
              skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input

2.拷贝数据文件头部

[oracle@node1 chf]$ dd if=system01.dbf of=/tmp/dd_xifenfei01.dbf bs=8192 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
8192 bytes (8.2 kB) copied, 6.2e-05 seconds, 132 MB/s
[oracle@node1 chf]$ ll /tmp/dd_xifenfei01.dbf
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 8192 01-13 16:49 /tmp/dd_xifenfei01.dbf


BBED> set filename '/tmp/dd_xifenfei01.dbf'
        FILENAME        /tmp/dd_xifenfei01.dbf

BBED> set block 1
        BLOCK#          1

BBED> dump
 File: ././dd_xifenfei01.dbf (0)
 Block: 1                Offsets:    0 to  511           Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 00a20000 0000c0ff 00000000 00000000 64590000 00200000 00a30200 7d7c7b7a 
 a0810000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

 <32 bytes per line>

BBED> set block 2
BBED-00309: out of range block number (2)


BBED> set offset 8190
        OFFSET          8190

BBED> dump
 File: ././dd_xifenfei01.dbf (0)
 Block: 1                Offsets: 8190 to 8191           Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 0000 

 <32 bytes per line>
--证明只有1个数据块(8192),并且拷贝数据文件头部成功

3.模拟创建文件

[oracle@node1 tmp]$ ll /tmp/dd_xifenfei02.dbf -h
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1.0G 01-13 16:58 /tmp/dd_xifenfei02.dbf

4.拷贝数据块到一个文件中

[oracle@node1 chf]$ dd if=/tmp/dd_xifenfei01.dbf of=/tmp/dd_xifenfei02.dbf bs=8192 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
8192 bytes (8.2 kB) copied, 6e-05 seconds, 137 MB/s
[oracle@node1 chf]$ bbed
Password: 

BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Fri Jan 13 17:01:02 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************

BBED> set filename '/tmp/dd_xifenfei02.dbf'

BBED> set block 1
        BLOCK#          1

BBED> dump
 File: ././dd_xifenfei02.dbf (0)
 Block: 1                Offsets:    0 to  511           Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 00a20000 0000c0ff 00000000 00000000 64590000 00200000 00a30200 7d7c7b7a 
 a0810000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 

 <32 bytes per line>


BBED> set block 2
BBED-00309: out of range block number (2)


BBED> set offset 8190
        OFFSET          8190

BBED> dump
 File: ././dd_xifenfei02.dbf (0)
 Block: 1                Offsets: 8190 to 8191           Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 0000 

 <32 bytes per line>

通过对比在2步骤中拷贝出来的数据文件头部,证明现在已经把该头部拷贝到了3步骤创建的新文件中

topas命令详解

1.AIX系统版本

-bash-3.00$ oslevel 
5.3.0.0

2.topas命令

Topas Monitor for host:    aix                  EVENTS/QUEUES    FILE/TTY
Sun Jan  8 12:51:10 2012   Interval:  2         Cswitch    5529  Readch    11620
                                                Syscall    6767  Writech 4357.3K
Kernel    1.7   |#                           |  Reads         7  Rawin         1
User      1.6   |#                           |  Writes       40  Ttyout      403
Wait      0.3   |#                           |  Forks         0  Igets         0
Idle     96.4   |############################|  Execs         0  Namei         6
                                                Runqueue    0.0  Dirblk        0
Network  KBPS   I-Pack  O-Pack   KB-In  KB-Out  Waitqueue   0.0
en0       0.9      2.0     3.0     0.3     0.7 
lo0       0.1      1.0     1.0     0.0     0.0  PAGING           MEMORY
                                                Faults        8  Real,MB    1904
Disk    Busy%     KBPS     TPS KB-Read KB-Writ  Steals        0  % Comp     46
hdisk0   11.5     4.2K   27.5     0.0     4.2K  PgspIn        0  % Noncomp  11
hdisk1    0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0   PgspOut       0  % Client   11
cd0       0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0   PageIn        0
                                                PageOut    1064  PAGING SPACE
Name            PID  CPU%  PgSp Owner           Sios       1064  Size,MB     512
python      2400440   1.3   6.0 sutl                             % Used     43
python      2433268   1.2   6.8 sutl            NFS (calls/sec)  % Free     57
trclogio    1650830   0.3   0.5 matthewH        ServerV2       0
dtgreet      340036   0.1   1.3 root            ClientV2       0   Press:
topas       1953858   0.1   1.7 xifenfei        ServerV3       0   "h" for help
muxatmd      106652   0.0   0.6 root            ClientV3       0   "q" to quit
gil           69666   0.0   0.9 root    
xmgc          49176   0.0   0.4 root    
sshd        2257092   0.0   2.8 pillow  
sshd        1101952   0.0   1.6 xifenfei
ping         848098   0.0   0.3 sylaryy 
X            331840   0.0   1.6 root    
bash        2756856   0.0   0.6 pillow  
ctlcallp    1966120   0.0   0.2 aug_gucc
ctlsmsno    1622246   0.0   0.2 aug_gucc
jobcente    1237188   0.0   0.2 aug_gucc
sshd        1744962   0.0   0.9 nanmingy
searchpl    1015886   0.0   0.2 aug_gucc
ctlinfos     254072   0.0   0.3 aug_gucc
msgcente    1511494   0.0   0.2 aug_gucc

3.topas参数列表

 Usage: topas [-d number_of_monitored_hot_disks]
              [-h show help information]
              [-i monitoring_interval_in_seconds]
              [-m Use monochrome mode - no colors]
              [-n number_of_monitored_hot_network_interfaces]
              [-p number_of_monitored_hot_processes]
              [-w number_of_monitored_hot_WLM classes]
              [-c number_of_monitored_hot_CPUs]
              [-P show full-screen Process Display]
              [-L show full-screen Logical Partition display]
              [-U username - show username owned processes with -P]
              [-D show full-screen Disk display]
              [-W show full-screen WLM Display]
              [-C show full-screen Cross-LPAR (CEC) Panel]
              [-R background Cross-LPAR (CEC) Recording mode]
              [-I remote monitoring interval in seconds]
              [-o availmem=total memory size allocated in MB]
              [-o unavailmem=total memory size unallocated in MB]
              [-o availcpu=total cpus allocated on the HMC]
              [-o unavailcpu=total cpus unallocated on the HMC]
              [-o partitions=number of partitions defined on the HMC]
              [-o reconfig=reconf interval in sec 30/60(default)/90/120/180/240/300]
              [-o poolsize=defined Pool Size required if HMC PUA restricts access]
              [-o managedsys=managed system name under which this partition is configured]
              [-o hmc=HMC name under which this partition is configured]
              
              HMC configuration and recording information documented in:
                  /usr/lpp/perfagent/README.perfagent.tools

4.主要参数说明
-d:指定要监控的磁盘数。如果屏幕显示的区域足够大的话,这也是磁盘可显示的最大数。当这个数值超出实际安装的磁盘数,仅仅监控并显示安装磁盘的信息,默认为20.
-i:设置监控时间的间隔(秒),默认为2秒。
-n:设置被监控的网络接口数。这也是在屏幕上显示的最大网络接口数,当这个值超出了实际安装的网络接口数,仅仅监控并显示安装的网络接口信息。参数缺省值为20,如果这个值设为0,将没有网络信息被监控。
-p:指定被监控的进程数。这也是在屏幕上显示的最大进程数。缺省值为20,如果这个值为0,没见进程信息被监控。得到的这些进程信息是topas的主要开销。如果进程信息不需要,通常使用这个参数指定那些不想要的进程信息。
-w:指明被监控的WLM类的值。这也是在屏幕上显示的最大WLM值,当这个值超出了实际安装的WLM数,仅仅显示那些安装的WLM类的信息,缺省值为20,如果这个值为0,将没有信息显示。
-c:指明被监控的CPU数。这也是在屏幕上显示的最大CPU值,当这个值超出了实际安装的CPU数,仅仅显示那些安装的CPU的信息,缺省值为20,如果这个值为0,将没有信息显示。
-P:显示整个全屏进程显示。显示一系列最繁忙的进程,类似于默认显示的一部分,每个进程仅仅显示几列,可以通过任何列排序。
-W:显示全屏WLM(负载管理器)类。顶部显示一系列WLM类,类似于WLM类的一部分显示。
其实topas命令等同于:topas -d20 -i2 -n20 -p20 -w20 -c20

5.一些子命令说明
a 这个键显示所有被监控的(CPU,network,disk,WLM,process)不同部分。
c 这个键在累积报告和最忙的CPU之间进行切换。
d 这个键在最忙的磁盘和系统总的磁盘活动之间进行切换。
h 显示帮助信息。
n 这个键在最忙的接口和系统总的网络活动之间进行切换。
w 这个键在WLM类的开关之间切换。
p 这个键进程的开关之间切换。
P 这个键用全屏进程显示替换默认的显示。
W 这个键用全屏WLM类显示替换默认显示。
f 移动光标到一个WLM类上,这个键可以在WLM屏幕底端显示一系列进程情况。
q 退出程序。
r 更新显示。

6.topas内容说明
6.1)反映CPU使用率和工作状况
User%:显示运行的用户程序所占用的CPU百分比;
Kern%:显示运行的内核程序所占用的CPU百分比;
Wait%:显示等待IO操作所占用的CPU百分比;
Idel%:显示CPU空闲的百分比。

6.2)反映网络使用率的状况
Interf:网络接口的名称;
KBPS:在监控期间每秒钟通过的以M为单位的总流量,这部分包括每秒钟接收和发送的总和。
I-Pack:在监控期间每秒钟接收到的数据包数;
O-Pack:在监控期间每秒钟发送的数据包数;
KB-In:在监控期间每秒钟接收到的字节数(以K为单位);
KB-Out:在监控期间每秒钟发送的字节数(以K为单位)。

6.3)反映磁盘使用率的状况
Disk:物理磁盘的名称;
Busy%:磁盘繁忙的百分比,即磁盘能满足的最大IOPS(每秒IO操作数)和当前IO数量的比率
KBPS:在监控期间每秒钟读写的字节数(以K为单位);
TPS:每秒钟物理磁盘的数据传输量。一次传输指的是一次I/O请求;
KB-Read:每秒钟从物理磁盘读出的K字节数;
KB-Write:每秒钟向物理磁盘写入的K字节数。

6.4)反映进程的状况
NAME:可执行程序的名称;
Process ID:进程的ID号;
%CPU Utilization:进程的CPU平均使用率,这个值指的是进程在生命周期中的平均使用率;
Paging Space Used:分配给进程的分页空间大小;
Process Owner:拥有这个进程的用户名;
Workload Management(WLM)Class:进程属于哪个WLM class。

6.5)EVENTS/QUEUES 状况
Cswitch:在监控期间每秒钟上下文转换的次数;
Syscall:在监控期间每秒钟运行系统呼叫的总次数;
Reads:在监控期间每秒钟运行读系统呼叫的次数;
Writes:在监控期间每秒钟运行写系统呼叫的次数;
Forks:在监控期间每秒钟运行派生系统呼叫的次数;
Execs:在监控期间每秒钟运行执行系统呼叫的次数;
Runqueue:等待处理器空闲以便运行的线程平均数;
Waitqueue:等待分页完成的线程平均数;

6.6)FILE/TTY 状况
Readch:在监控期间通过读系统呼叫每秒钟读出的字节数;
Writech:在监控期间通过写系统呼叫每秒钟写入的字节数;
Rawin:在监控期间通过TTYs每秒钟读入的裸字节数;
Ttyout:在监控期间每秒钟写入TTYs的字节数;
Igets:在监控期间每秒钟到节点查找例行程序的呼叫数;
Namei:在监控期间每秒钟路径查找例行程序的呼叫数;
Dirblk:在监控期间通过目录搜索例行程序每秒钟扫描到的目录块数;

6.7)PAGING部分显示的是分页每秒钟次数的统计
Faults:在监控期间每秒钟发生的分页错误总数;
Steals:在监控期间被虚拟内存管理器每秒钟偷走的物理内存4k的帧;
PgspIn:在监控期间每秒钟从分页空间中读取的4k分页数;
PgspOut:在监控期间每秒钟写入分页空间的4k分页数;
PageIn:在监控期间每秒钟读取的4k分页数,这包括从文件系统读操作相关的分页活动,从这个值减去PgspIn的值就是每秒钟从文件系统读操作相关的分页活动数;
PageOut:在监控期间每秒钟写入的4k分页数,这包括向文件系统写操作相关的分页活动,从这个值减去PgspOut的值就是每秒钟向文件系统写操作相关的分页活动数;
Sios:在监控期间通过虚拟内存管理器得到的I/O请求数;

6.8)Momory部分显示的是实际内存和在使用中的内存
Real,MB:以M为单位的实际内存;
%Comp:当前分配给计算分页片断的内存占实际内存的百分比。计算分页片断由分页空间产生。
%Nocomp:当前分配非计算分页片断的内存占实际内存的百分比。非计算分页片断包括那些文件空间,数据文件、可执行文件、或者共享库文件。
%Client:当前分配给用来缓冲远程挂载文件的内存占实际内存的百分比。

6.9)PAING SPACE显示分页空间的大小和使用率
Size,MB:系统里所有分页空间的大小,以M为单位;
%Used:当前使用的分页空间占总空间的百分比;
%Free:当前空闲的分页空间占总空间的百分比。

6.10)NFS (calls/sec)状况
Display NFS stats in calls per second

恢复被rm意外删除数据文件

一.模拟数据文件删除

[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sat Dec 31 22:00:52 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

--数据库版本
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options

--所有数据文件
SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/system01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/sysaux01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/undotbs01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf

--删除example01.dbf数据文件
SQL> !rm /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf

SQL> !ls -l /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf
ls: /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf: 没有那个文件或目录

--因为数据文件被删除,创建表失败
SQL> create table t_xifenfei tablespace example
  2  as select * from dba_tables;
as select * from dba_tables
                 *
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 5
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

二.找回数据文件

--查找dbw进程spid
[oracle@node1 ~]$ ps -ef|grep dbw|grep -v grep
oracle   18387     1  0 Dec22 ?        00:00:12 ora_dbw0_ora11g

--查看该进程所有文件句柄
[oracle@node1 ~]$ ll /proc/18387/fd
总计 0
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 0 -> /dev/null
l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 1 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 10 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 11 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 12 -> /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/orazhs.msb
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 13 -> /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_ora11g.dat
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 14 -> /proc/18387/fd
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 15 -> /dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 16 -> /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 17 -> /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_ora11g.dat
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 18 -> /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkORA11G
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 19 -> /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/orazhs.msb
l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 2 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 20 -> /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 21 -> socket:[441562]
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 256 -> /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 257 -> /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/system01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 258 -> /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/sysaux01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 259 -> /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/undotbs01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 260 -> /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 261 -> /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf (deleted)
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 262 -> /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/temp01.dbf
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 3 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 4 -> /dev/null
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 5 -> /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_ora11g.dat
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 6 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 7 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 8 -> /dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 9 -> /dev/null
--通过句柄恢复数据文件[被删除数据文件会被标示(deleted)]
[oracle@node1 ~]$ cp /proc/18387/fd/261 /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf
--确认该数据文件已经恢复成功
[oracle@node1 ~]$ ll /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 362422272 12-31 22:05 /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf

三.数据文件online

SQL> alter database datafile 5 offline;
 
Database altered.
 
SQL> recover datafile 5;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database datafile 5 online;
 
Database altered.

SQL> create table t_xifenfei tablespace example
  2  as select * from dba_tables;

Table created.

四.补充说明
在意外使用os命令删除掉数据文件时,千万不要慌张重启数据库或者操作系统,可以通过dbwn进程相关句柄找回数据文件

Linux中文件大小限制

在日常的维护中,偶尔总担心某个文件会不会因为太大(超过系统限制大小),导致工作不正常。查找了一些资料,这里对文件大小限制的情况做个记录,以便以后做到心中有底
一、文件大小限制列表

二、查看数据块大小
1、直接查看操作磁盘(Block size)

[root@bas ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda2
tune2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)
Filesystem volume name:   /home
…………
Block size:               4096
Fragment size:            4096
…………
Journal backup:           inode blocks

2、查看某个文件(IO Block)

[oracle@bas backup]$ stat full_back.dmp 
  File: `full_back.dmp'
  Size: 429687808000    Blocks: 840054384  IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: 812h/2066d      Inode: 13          Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (  501/  oracle)   Gid: (  501/oinstall)
Access: 2011-12-18 02:00:25.000000000 +0800
Modify: 2011-12-18 20:49:31.000000000 +0800
Change: 2011-12-18 20:49:31.000000000 +0800