Daily Archives: 2012 年 05 月 26 日

使用dbms_metadata.get_ddl出现ORA-31605错误

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使用dbms_metadata.get_ddl出现ORA-31605错误

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE    9.2.0.3.0       Production
TNS for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "www.orasos.com" from dual;

www.orasos.com
-------------------
2012-05-26 23:10:22

SQL> select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','XFF_IOT','CHF1') from dual;
ERROR:
ORA-06502: PL/SQL: numeric or value error
ORA-31605: the following was returned from LpxXSLResetAllVars in routine kuxslResetParams:
LPX-1: NULL pointer
ORA-06512: at "SYS.UTL_XML", line 0
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_METADATA_INT", line 3320
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_METADATA_INT", line 4148
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_METADATA", line 458
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_METADATA", line 615
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_METADATA", line 1221
ORA-06512: at line 1

no rows selected

错误原因
dbms_metadata.get_ddl需要调用Oracle dictionary table “sys.metastylesheet.”中的XSL stylesheets,但是由于某种原因,使得调用失败,出现上述错误.因为该错误可能有:
1.XSL stylesheets没有安装
2.使用alter database 修改数据库字符集(本库是因为昨天修改字符集导致)

解决办法(sys用户执行)
1.在10g及其以上版本中(不带参数)

SQL> exec dbms_metadata_util.load_stylesheets;

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

2.在9i版本中(带dir参数)

SQL> exec dbms_metadata_util.load_stylesheets('/u01/oracle/9.2.0/db_1/rdbms/xml/xsl');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','XFF_IOT','CHF1') from dual;

DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','XFF_IOT','CHF1')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  CREATE TABLE "CHF1"."XFF_IOT"
   (    "ID" NUMBER,
        "NAME" VARCHAR2(30),
         CONSTRAINT "CHF_IOT_ID#_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("ID") ENABLE
   ) ORGANIZATION INDEX NOCOMPRESS PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 LOGGING
  STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
  PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
  TABLESPACE "SYSTEM"
 PCTTHRESHOLD 50


DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','XFF_IOT','CHF1')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

asm备份元数据之md_backup和md_restore

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在11g的asm中增加了md_backup和md_restore命令,用来备份和还原asm的元数据信息
当前磁盘组相关信息

SQL> select PATH,b.NAME from v$asm_disk a,v$asm_diskgroup b where a.GROUP_NUMBER=b.GROUP_NUMBER;

PATH                                     NAME
---------------------------------------- ----------
/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL2                DATA
/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL1                DATA
/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL4                XIFENFEI
/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL3                XIFENFEI

md_backup操作

--备份所有mount磁盘组
ASMCMD> md_backup /tmp/xifenfei.md    
Disk group metadata to be backed up: DATA
Disk group metadata to be backed up: XIFENFEI
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_04_30
Current alias directory path: XFF/ONLINELOG
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster/OCRFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_05_01
Current alias directory path: XFF/CONTROLFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_04_13
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster
Current alias directory path: XFF
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_03_03
Current alias directory path: XFF/PARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/DATAFILE
Current alias directory path: ASM/DATAFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/CONTROLFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF
Current alias directory path: XFF/ONLINELOG
Current alias directory path: XFF/TEMPFILE
Current alias directory path: ASM

--备份指定磁盘组
ASMCMD> md_backup /tmp/xifenfei_data.md -G DATA  
Disk group metadata to be backed up: DATA
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_03_03
Current alias directory path: XFF/CONTROLFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_05_01
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster/OCRFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_05_24
Current alias directory path: XFF/ONLINELOG
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_04_30
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster
Current alias directory path: XFF
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_04_13

md_restore操作

--生产sql文件(未执行)
ASMCMD> md_restore -S  /tmp/get_dg_sql -G data /tmp/xifenfei_data.md
Current Diskgroup metadata being restored: DATA

破坏XIFENFEI磁盘组中的其中一个asm disk(/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL3)
[root@rac1 tmp]#  dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb1 bs=4096 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
4096 bytes (4.1 kB) copied, 4.8629e-05 seconds, 84.2 MB/s

--尝试还原磁盘组(操作单位是磁盘组)
ASMCMD>  md_restore /tmp/xifenfei.md --silent -G xifenfei
Current Diskgroup metadata being restored: XIFENFEI
ASMCMD-9352: CREATE DISKGROUP failed
ORA-15018: diskgroup cannot be created
ORA-15033: disk /dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL4 belongs to diskgroup "XIFENFEI" (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)
--如果一个磁盘组中某个asm disk 出了问题,这种方法不能生效,甚至需要先dd 处理掉所有该磁盘组中的asm disk

总结说明
md_backup和md_restore是磁盘组级别的备份和还原,如果一个磁盘组的某个asm disk出现问题,使用这对命令解决起来还是很麻烦,甚至根本不可行(因为代价太大:要删除该磁盘组其他asm disk header,然后要重新还原所有数据文件),这样的情景下dd或者kfed的备份还是非常有必要,ASM DISK HEADER 备份与恢复.如果是一个磁盘组都损坏,需要还原磁盘组,这个时候这个命令非常的完美(至少比起dd和kfed方便很多).md_backup/md_restore和dd与kfed是互补的命令,而不是md_backup/md_restore出现使得dd和kfed在asm元数据的备份恢复上就没有用武之地.

sql_id和hash value的部分转换

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从oracle 10g开始引进了sql_id，在老版本的oralce中,要表明一条sql,一般使用hash value，而在10g及其以后版本中一般建议使用sql_id,从9i的sp和10g的awr中也可以看出.对于Library Cache对象,Oracle使用MD5算法进行哈希,生成一个128位的Hash Value,其中低32位作为HASH VALUE显示,SQL_ID则取了后64位.既然hash value和sql_id之前存在着这样的关系,那么我们就可以通过函数实现两者的部分转换(因为最终取值长度不同,所以不能完全转换)
1.查询sql_id和hash value

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE    10.2.0.4.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')
  2  "www.orasos.com" from dual;

www.orasos.com
-------------------
2012-05-26 01:05:39

SQL> select sql_id,hash_value from v$sql where sql_text like
  2  'select * from dual';

SQL_ID        HASH_VALUE
------------- ----------
a5ks9fhw2v9s1  942515969

2.oracle自带函数转换sql_id to hash value

SQL> select dbms_utility.SQLID_TO_SQLHASH('a5ks9fhw2v9s1') hash_value FROM DUAL;


HASH_VALUE
----------
 942515969

3.自己编写函数sql_id to hash value

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION sql_id_2_hash_value (sql_id VARCHAR2)
  2     RETURN NUMBER
  3  IS
  4     l_output   NUMBER := 0;
  5  BEGIN
  6         SELECT TRUNC (
  7                   MOD (
  8                      SUM (
  9                         (INSTR ('0123456789abcdfghjkmnpqrstuvwxyz',
 10                                 SUBSTR (LOWER (TRIM (sql_id)), LEVEL, 1))
 11                          - 1)
 12                         * POWER (32, LENGTH (TRIM (sql_id)) - LEVEL)),
 13                      POWER (2, 32)))
 14           INTO l_output
 15           FROM DUAL
 16     CONNECT BY LEVEL <= LENGTH (TRIM (sql_id));
 17     RETURN l_output;
 18  END;
 19  /

函数已创建。

SQL> select sql_id_2_hash_value('a5ks9fhw2v9s1') hash_value FROM DUAL;

HASH_VALUE
----------
 942515969

4.hash value 转换为部分 sql_id

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION hash_value_2_sql_id (p_hash_value NUMBER)
  2     RETURN VARCHAR2
  3  IS
  4     l_output   VARCHAR2 (8) := '';
  5  BEGIN
  6     FOR i
  7        IN (    SELECT SUBSTR (
  8                          '0123456789abcdfghjkmnpqrstuvwxyz',
  9                          1
 10                          + FLOOR (
 11                               MOD (p_hash_value / (POWER (32, LEVEL - 1)), 32)),
 12                          1)
 13                          sqlidchar
 14                  FROM DUAL
 15            CONNECT BY LEVEL <= LN (p_hash_value) / LN (32)
 16              ORDER BY LEVEL DESC)
 17     LOOP
 18        l_output := l_output || i.sqlidchar;
 19     END LOOP;
 20
 21     RETURN l_output;
 22  END;
 23  /

函数已创建。

SQL> select hash_value_2_sql_id(942515969) from dual;

HASH_VALUE_2_SQL_ID(942515969)
--------------------------------------------------------
2v9s1

参考:http://blog.tanelpoder.com/2009/02/22/sql_id-is-just-a-fancy-representation-of-hash-value/